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Chemistry > Addition, Elimination and Substitution reactions > Flashcards

Addition, Elimination and Substitution reactions Flashcards

1
Q

Substitution:
Haloalkanes from alkanes
Reaction conditions

A

UV light

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2
Q

Substitution:
Hydrolysis
Reaction conditions

A
  • room temperature
  • Dilute strong acid base (NaOH / KOH)
  • dissolved in ethanol solution
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3
Q

Substitution
Formation of haloalkanes
Reaction conditions

A

Tertiary alcohols
- room temperature
Primary and secondary alcohols
- high temperature

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4
Q

Substitution:
Haloalkanes from alkanes
Reactants and products

A

Reactants:
-alkane +X2
Products:
-haloalkane +HX

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5
Q

Substitution:
Hydrolysis
Reactants and products

A

Reactants:
- haloalkane and water
Products:
Alcohol + HX

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6
Q

Substitution
Formation of haloalkanes
Reactants and products

A

Reactants:
- alcohol + HX
Products:
-haloalkane + water (condensation reaction)

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7
Q

Addition:
Halogenation
Reaction conditions

A

None

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8
Q

Addition:
Hydrohalogenation
Reaction conditions

A

No water present

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9
Q

Addition:
Hydration
Reaction conditions

A
  • Excess water

- Acid catalyst (sulfuric acid)

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10
Q

Addition:
Hydrogenation
Reaction conditions

A

(DIFFICULT REACTION TO GET STARTED)

  • heat
  • catalyst (Pt, Pd or Ni)
  • Inert atmosphere
  • Alkene dissolved in non-polar solvent
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11
Q

Addition:
Halogenation
Reactants and products

A

Reactants:
-X2 +alkene
Products:
- dihaloalkane

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12
Q

Addition:
Hydrohalogenation
Reactants and products

A

Reactants:
- HX + alkene
Products:
- haloalkane

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13
Q

Addition:
Hydration
Reactants and products

A

Reactants:
- H2O +alkene
Products:
- alcohol

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14
Q

Addition:
Hydrogenation
Reactants and products

A

Reactants:
- H2 +alkene
Products:
- saturated hydrocarbon (alkane)

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15
Q

Elimination:
Esterification
Reaction conditions

A

Sulfuric acid catalyst

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16
Q

Elimination:

Cracking

A

Thermal:
High temperature and pressure

Catalytic:
lower temperature and pressure
presence of catalyst (zeolite, alumina catalyst)

17
Q

Elimination:

Dehydrogenation

A
  • Heat under reflux
  • Concentrated strong base (NaOH / KOH)
  • Base dissolved in pure ethanol
18
Q

Elimination:

Dehydration

A
  • Excess strong acid (sulfuric or phosphoric acid)

- High temperature

19
Q

Elimination:
Reactants and products
Esterfication

A

Reactants:

  • Carboxylic acid
  • Alcohol

Products:

  • Ester
  • water
20
Q

Elimination:
Reactants and products
Cracking

A

Reactant:
-Long chain hydrocarbon (saturated)

Products:

  • Shorter alkene
  • Shorter chain alkanes
21
Q

Elimination:
Reactants and products
Dehydrogenation

A

Reactants:

  • Haloalkane
  • Strong base

Products:

  • Alkene
  • Salt
  • water
22
Q

Elimination:
Reactants and products
Dehydration

A

Reactans:
-alcohol

Products:

  • Alkene
  • water

Chemistry (8 decks)

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