Module 1

Question 1

Organic molecules

Answer 1

molecules containing carbon atoms

Question 2

Molecular formula

Answer 2

A chemical formula that indicates the type of atoms and the correct number of each in a mlecule

Question 3

Structural formula

Answer 3

Shows which atoms are attached to which within the molecule. Atoms are represented by their chemical symbols and lines are used to represent ALL the bonds that hold the atoms together.

Question 4

Condensed structural formula

Answer 4

This notation shows the way in which atoms are bonded together in the molecule, but DOES NOT SHOW ALL bond lines.

Question 5

Hydrocarbon

Answer 5

Organic compounds that consist of hydrogen and carbon only.

Question 6

Homologous series

Answer 6

A series of organic compounds that can be described by the same general formula
OR
in which one member differs from the next with a CH2 group

Question 7

Saturated compounds

Answer 7

Compounds in which there are NO multiple bonds between carbon atoms and their hydrocarbon chains
i.e.)all carbon atoms are connected by single bonds

Question 8

Unsaturated compounds

Answer 8

Compounds with one or more multiple bonds between carbon atoms and their hydrocarbon chains
i.e.) the molecule has double/triple bonds between adjacent carbon atoms

Question 9

Functional group

Answer 9

A bond,
,atom
,group of atoms

1. that determine the physical and chemical properties of a group of organic compounds.
2. that form the center of chemical activity in the molecules

Question 10

General formula for alkanes

Answer 10

C2nH2n+2

Question 11

General formula for alkenes

Answer 11

C2nH2n

Question 12

General formula for alkynes

Answer 12

C2nH2n-2

Question 13

radical

Answer 13

• Molecular fragment

- Containing an unpaired electron

Question 14

Interconversion reaction

Answer 14

Where an alcohol can be reacted to produce a haloalkane and vice versa

Question 15

Unsymmetrical alkene

Answer 15

An alkene in which the two carbons of the the double bond are not equivalently substituted
(e.g. in propene)

Question 16

Difference between polymers and plastics

Answer 16

Polymers occur in nature

Plastics are synthetic man-made polymers

Question 17

Give 3 examples of natural polymers

Answer 17

• Wool
• Silk
• Cellulose (found in wood and paper)

Question 18

Macromolecule or polymer molecule

Answer 18

A molecule containing a very large numbers of atoms.

Anything from 2 000 - 20 000 carbon atoms in the parent chain

Question 19

Functional group

Answer 19

An atom of a group of atoms in a molecule

Form the center of chemical activity in the molecule

Question 20

Monomer

Answer 20

Small organic molecules
That can be covalently bonded to each other in a repeating pattern

(can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer molecule)

Question 21

Polymer

Answer 21

A substance that

Has a molecular structure built up from a large number of similar nits (monomers) bonded together

Question 22

Addition polymerisation

Answer 22

• A reaction in which 2+ small molecules join together to form very large molecules by adding on double bonds
• give a single product molecule

Question 23

Condensation polymerisation

Answer 23

Molecules of 2 monomers with DIFFERENT functional groups undergo condensation reactions with the loss of small molecules, (usually elimination of a water molecule)

Question 24

3 main differences between addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation

Answer 24

1. Condensation polymers from more slowly
2. Water is formed in a condensation. No by-products are formed in addition polymerisation
3. Monomers of addition polymers contain carbon-carbon bonds. Monomers of condensation polymers contain functional groups (such as alcohols and carboxylic acids)

Question 25

Polymerisation

Answer 25

A chemical reaction

In which monomer molecules join to form a polymer

Question 26

List 4 industrial uses of Polyethene/ polyethylene

Answer 26

• Plastic bags
• Bottles
• Containers
• Plastic boxes / crates