Module 2

Question 1

Scientific Management

Answer 1

The thorough study and testing of different work methods to identify the best, most efficient ways to complete a job.

Question 2

Frederick Taylor

Answer 2

ü Father of scientific management.
ü Use of scientific study to find the optimal means of doing each task.
1. Develop a science of each task (study, analyze it)
2. Mangers had to scientifically select, train, teach, and develop workers to help them reach their full potential.
3. Mangers had to cooperate with employees to ensure that the scientific principles were actually implemented.
4. The fourth principle of scientific management was to divide the work and the responsibility equally between management and workers.

Question 3

o Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Answer 3

ü Motion studies - simplify workloads
ü Frank -brick layer
ü Motions study
ü Broke each task or job into separate motions and then eliminated those that were unnecessary or repetitive

Question 4

Max Weber

Answer 4

ü “the exercises of control on the basis of knowledge

		1. Hire not family or friends by because or their technical training or education qualifies them to do the job well
		2. Promotion within the company should be based on experience
		3. Each position or job should be viewed as part of a chain of command that clarifies who reports to whom throughout an organization. 
			1) Those higher in the chain have the right to give commands, take action, and make decisions concerning activities occurring anywhere below them in the chain
		4. To increase efficiency and effectiveness, tasks and responsibilities should be separated and assigned to those best qualified to complete them. 
		5. An organizations riles and procedures should apply to all members regardless of their position or status
		6. To ensure consistency and fairness over time and across different leaders, all rules, procedures, and decisions should be recorded in writing. 
		7. To reduce favouritism, "professional" mangers rather than company owners should manage or supervise the organization.

Question 5

Bureaucratic Management

Answer 5

the exercise of control on the basis of knowledge, expertise, or experience

Question 6

Administrative Management

Answer 6

□ Managers need to plan, organize, coordinate, command, and control
ü Explain Human Relations Management:

Question 7

Mary Parker Follett- social worker

Answer 7

® Conflict can be good if dealt with properly
® Best way is not for one party to dominate or for either party compromise
® Integrative conflict resolution- have both parties indicate their preferences and the work together to find an alternative that meets the needs of both.
® Leadership- involves setting the tone for the team rather than being aggressive or domineering, which may be harmful

-Control- should be based on facts, information, and coordination.

Question 8

Integrative conflict resolution

Answer 8

have both parties indicate their preferences and the work together to find an alternative that meets the needs of both.

Question 9

Hawthorne Studies-Elton Mayo

Answer 9

1. Stage 1: investigate the effects of lighting levels and incentives on employee productivity
   □ Concluded two things: substantially more attention was being paid to these workers than to workers in the rest plant

The studies demonstrated that the workplace was more complex than previous thought, that workers were not just extensions of machines, and the financial incentives weren’t necessarily the most important motivator for workers.

Question 10

contingency management

Answer 10

□ There are no universal management theories and that the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of problems or situations that managers or organizations are face at a particular time