Module 2 Flashcards
It is the ability to fuse two images as one at 2 months.
Binocular Vision
also known as infant caries. Tooth decay that occurs while an
infant sleeps liquid from the propped bottle continuously soaks the upper front
teeth and lower back teeth.
Baby-bottle syndrome
It is paroxysmal abdominal pain that generally occurs in infants under 3 months of age and is marked by loud, intense crying.
Colic
Also known as diaper rash, when child’s diaper is not frequently
changed, feces is left in contact with skin, and irritation may result in the perianal area.
Diaper Dermatitis
prickly heat rash. Clusters of pinpoint, reddened papules with occasional vesicles and pustules surrounded by erythema.
Miliaria
It is the first baby tooth (typically a central incisor) usually erupts at age 6 months.
Milk Teeth
When infants are suddenly lowered toward an examining table from
ventral suspension, the arms extend as if to protect themselves from falling.
Parachute Reaction
It is condition present at 2 to 3 months of age. This occurs
because the life of a red cell is 4 months so the cells the child had at birth are disintegrating, but new cells are not yet being produced in adequate replacement
numbers.
Physiologic Anemia
the independent play; when infants play alone
Solitary Play
The position of an infant when held in midair on a horizontal plane,
supported by a hand under the abdomen. It is used to test gross motor ability.
Ventral Suspension
Most infants double their birth weight by what age?
6 months of age
infants triple their birth weight by what age?
1 year
An infant increase in height during the first year by how many percent?
50%
How is height and weight best assessed?
plotted on a standard growth chart
Infant growth is most
apparent in the ______ during the early months.
trunk
During the second half of the first year, infant growth becomes more apparent as
lengthening of the legs
necessary for the digestion of complex carbohydrates
amylase
necessary for the digestion of saturated fat
Lipase
extracellular fluid accounts for approximately ____ of an infant’s body weight, with intracellular fluid
accounting for approximately ___ by the end of the first year,
extracellular - 35%
intracellular - 40%
is increased during early infancy which accounts for the presence
of milia and cradle cap if the infant’s head is not well cleaned.
sebum production
What month regards an object in the midline of their vision (something
directly in front of themselves) as soon as it is brought in as close as
about 18 inches (46 cm) away. They follow it a short distance, but not
across the mid-line as yet.
1 month
what month focuses well (from about age 6 weeks) and follow objects with the eyes (although still not past the midline). Ability to follow and focus
this way is a major milestone in development, indicating an infant has achieved binocular vision, or the ability to fuse two images into one.
2 months
what month can follow an object across their midline. They typically hold their hands in front of their face and study their fingers for long periods of time (hand regard).
3 months
recognizes familiar objects, such as a frequently seen bottle,
rattle, or toy animal. They follow their parents’ movements with their eyes eagerly.
4 months
what month is capable of organized depth perception. This increases the
accuracy of their reach for objects as they begin to perceive distances
accurately.
6 months
what age pats their image in a mirror. Their depth perception has matured to the extent they can perform such tasks as transferring toys from hand to hand.
7 months
what age looks under a towel or around a corner for a concealed
object (beginning of object permanence).
10 months
what month - quiets momentarily at a distinctive sound such as a bell or a
squeaky rubber toy.
1
what months - turns heads to attempt to locate a sound
3
what months - hearing awareness becomes so acute that infants will stop an activity at the sound of spoken words.
2
what months - can easily locate sound in any direction and turn toward it. A vocabulary of two words plus “ma- ma” and “da-da” also demonstrates an
infant can hear.
12
what months - can recognize their name and listen acutely when spoken to
10
what months - turns and looks in the direction when infants hear a distinctive sound
4
what months - can localize sounds downward and to the side, by turning their head and looking down.
5
what months - able to locate sounds made above them
6
During this stage the infant’s innate reflex responses, such as sucking, are organized into functioning patterns. He “uses” these reflexes and coordinates them into useful patterns. For example, his hands grasp an object placed in them; he
sucks when his lips are touched.
Stage 1 (birth to 1 month)
Infant actions lead to chance events that have positive value, and he gradually learns how to make the event happen again and again. For example, sucking a finger that touches his lips is at first reflexive. Later, the infant intentionally puts his fingers into his mouth to suck on them. The child’s attention may be focused on objects but his response to them differs. He looks at some more than others, sucks at some and discards others.
Stage two (1-4 months)
Infant now learn to make events happen with objects separate from his own body. Through repeated activity, the infant develops awareness of the outcome of his actions. He keeps repeating the same acts with different objects, learning about their properties in the process. For example, he may kick his crib to make the mobile move; he shakes the rattle to hear the noise.
Stage three (4-8 months)
The child becomes more coordinated in his movements, more aware of objects about him and makes interesting innovations in using and exploring them. He recognizes that objects and persons as separate from himself. Thus, he searches for the lost objects outside his visual field. Around this time he increasingly demands his mother’s attention indicating that
he recognizes her as a separate person and realizes his needs for her.
Stage four (8-12 months)
What do infants eat at 5 to 6 months old?
- cereal with breast milk
- orange juice or formula
What do infants eat 7 months old?
vegetables
What do infants eat at 8 months old?
fruits
What do infants eat at 9 months old?
boiled meat
What do infants eat at 10 months old?
egg yolk
this is done when infant is tired, scared, bored, sick, or trying to
adjust to challenges because it’s comforting and calming.
thumb sucking
An infant who completes feeding and still seems restless and discontent, and who actively searches for something to put on his mouth may need a _________?
pacifier
these are important
indicators of growth
height, weight, and head circumference
lifts the head momentarily, then drops it again; turns head to the side;
gross head lag as in the first days of life; stepping reflex present
1 month
raise their heads and maintain the position, but they cannot raise
their chests high enough to look around yet;
2 months
lifts and maintains the head well above the plane of the rest of the
body in ventral suspension; lifts the head and shoulders well off the table and looks around when prone; slight head lag when pulled to a sitting position;
begins to try to support part of their weight when held in standing position.
3 months
lifts the chest off the bed and look around actively, turns head from
side to side, turns from back to front; no longer demonstrating head lag when
pulled to a sitting position; begins to support weight on legs because the
stepping reflex has faded.
4 months
rests weight on their forearms when prone; turns over, front to back
and back to front; continues the ability to sustain a portion of weight. The tonic
neck reflex should be extinguished, and the Moro reflex is fading.
5 months
Sits momentarily without support; supports nearly full weight when in a standing position
6 months
reaches out to be picked up; sits alone, but only when the hands are
held forward for balance; bounces with enjoyment in a standing position.
7 moths
sits securely without support
8 months
creeps or crawls (abdomen off floor); sits so steadily, can lean
forward and regain balance
9 months
pulls self to standing
10 months
cruises (walks with support)
11 months
stands alone; some infants take first step.
12 months
keeps hands fisted; able to follow object to midline with eyes
1 month
demonstrate social smile
2 months
follows object past midline with eyes
3 months
uses palmar grasp
6 months
transfers objects to hand
7 months
uses pincer grasp (thumb and finger) to pick up small objects
10 months
holds cup and spoon well; helps to dress (pushes arm into sleeve)
12 months
