module 1 Flashcards
capable of thinking in terms of possibility rather than limited to thinking about what already is.
abstract thought
- taking in information and changing it to fix their existing ideas
- common in preschoolers
accommodation
Animals and inanimate objects as being capable of thought and feelings also known as magical thinking
Animism
taking in information and changing it to fix their existing ideas
Assimilation
It is the ability to discern truth, even though physical properties change. This is common among school-age children.
Conservation
It is the ability to see only one of the object’s characteristics
Centering
Indicates an increase in skill or the ability to function
Development
It is a skill or a growth responsibility arising at a particular time in an individual’s life, the achievement of which will provide a foundation for the accomplishment of future tasks.
Developmental Task
when they are able to see only one of the object’s characteristics
Egocentrism
Increase in the number and size of cells; measured in terms of quantity; orderly and predictable but not even.
Growth
It means development of those cells until they are ready to function
Maturation
infants learn objects in the environment – their bottle, blocks, their bed, or even a parent – are permanent and continue to exist even though they are out of sight or changed in some way
Permanence
It is the ability to retrace steps.
Reversability
This is how preschoolers would like something to turn out.
Role Fantasy
They are the finer units of each stage of cognitive development according to Piaget.
Schemas
is practical intelligence during infancy, because words and
symbols for thinking and problem solving are not yet available at this early age
Sensorimotor Intelligence
is a systematic statement of principles that provides a framework for explaining some phenomenon.
Theory
- It is the usual reaction pattern of an individual or an individual’s characteristic manner of thinking, behaving or reacting to stimuli in the environment. It is an inborn characteristic
Temperament
It is measured in grams, kilograms or pounds.
Weight
is measured in inches, feet or centimeters.
Height
What are the Five Main Areas of Development. Explain each.
Physical, Emotional, Intellectual, Social, Spiritual
it means ripen; an
increase in human competence and adaptability
Maturation
It is a growth responsibility that arises at a certain time in the course of development
Developmental task
growth proceeds from head to toes
Cephalocaudal
growth proceeds from the center, or midline of the body to
peripheral
Proximodistal
a type of growth that is Simple to complex
General to specific
True or False. The physical and the mental development of the child are mostly not correlated to each
other.
False. They are correlated.
most rapid period of growth
infancy
slow and uniform rate of growth
Preschool to puberty
: (growth spurt) second most rapid growth period
puberty
decline in growth rate till death
after puberty
Is growth uniform? yes or no.
No. Growth is not uniform. Different parts of body grow at different rates.
It is the usual reaction pattern of an individual or an individual’s characteristic manner of thinking, behaving or reacting to stimuli in the environment. It is an inborn characteristic.
Temperament
refers to the tendency to shift easily to a new situation.
Distractibility
ability to change one’s reaction to stimuli over time.
Adaptability
refers to the ability to remain interested to a project or activity.
Attention Span and persistence
is the intensity level of stimulation that is necessary to evoke a reaction.
Threshold of response
state wherein a person is said to be in negative or positive condition.
Mood quality
- Easy to care for
- Predictable rhythmicity, approach and adapt to new situations readily.
- Mild to moderate intensity of reaction
- Overall positive mood quality.
- 40% to 50% of children
easy child
- Irregular in habits
- Negative mood quality
- Withdraw rather than approach new situations.
- 10% of children
difficult child
a combination of the easy and the difficult child
intermediate child
- Over-all fairly inactive
- Responds mildly
- Adapts slowly to new situations
- Generally negative mood
- 15 % of children
slow to warm up child
is the arrangement of individual adjustment to his environment. It is an all-inclusive term that covers appearances, abilities, motives, emotional reactivity and
experiences that have shaped him to his present person.
Personality
It is the totality of one’s physical or
inherited attributes as well as those psychological factors that determine one’s characteristic
behavior.
Personality
This theory suggested that personality is mostly established by the age of five. Early experiences play a large role in personality development and continue to
influence behavior later in life.
Psychoanalytic Theory
“I know what I want and I want it now!”
- pleasure principle
- developed during infancy
ID
- developed during toddler period
- “I can wait for what I want!”
- Reality principle
- balances the id and superego
- the result of individual’s interaction with the environment.
- It promotes satisfactory adjustment in relation to the environment.
EGO
- developed during preschool
- “I should not want that!”
- Conscience- Morality principle
- Develops as a person unconsciously incorporates standards and restrictions from
both parents and society to guide behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. - Emerges at around age five.
SUPEREGO
He described child development
as being a series of psychosexual stages in which a child’s sexual gratification becomes focused on a particular body part at each stage.
Sigmund Freud
What did Freud termed the infant period.
Oral Phase
during this phase, children’s interests focus on the anal region as they begin toilet training. Elimination takes on new importance for them. Children find pleasure in both the retention of feces and defecation.
anal phase (the toddler)
the phase where infants suck for
enjoyment or relief of tension, as well as for nourishment.
oral phase (the infant)
During this phase, children’s pleasure zone appears to shift from the anal to the genital area.
phallic phase (preschooler)
a time in which children’s libido
appears to be diverted into concrete thinking.
latent phase (school age child)
the main events of this period to be the establishment of new sexual aims and the finding of new love objects.
genital phase (adolescent)
What is the theory of sigmund freud?
Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
What is the theory of erik erikson?
Erikson’s theory of Psychosocial development
what is a theory that stresses the importance of culture and society in development of the personality
ERIKSON’S THEORY OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
What is the developmental task for infants?
learning trust versus mistrust
What is the developmental task for a toddler?
learning autonomy versus shame or doubt
What is the developmental task for preschooler?
learning initiative versus guilt
What is the developmental task for school-age child?
develop industry versus inferiority
What is the developmental task for adolescent?
sense of identity versus role confusion
What is the developmental task for young adult?
sense of intimacy versus isolation
What is the developmental task for middle aged adult?
sense of generativity versus stagnation
What is the developmental task for older adult?
integrity versus despair
What is the theory of Jean Piaget
PIAGET’S THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
is practical intelligence, because words and symbols for thinking and
problem solving are not yet available at this early age.
Sensorimotor Stage (Infant stage)
This period is one of transition as children complete the final stages of the sensorimotor period and begin to develop some cognitive skills of the preoperative period, such as symbolic thought and egocentric thinking.
Toddler
Piaget viewed this age as a period during which concrete operational thought begins
School age chid
the time when cognition achieves its final form or when formal
operational thought begins.
Adolescent
What is the theory of Lawrence Kolhberg?
KOHLBERG’S THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
