MODULE 2

Question 1

Science of describing, naming, ang classifying living and extinct organisms and viruses

Answer 1

Taxonomy

Question 2

Study of biological diversity and the evolutionary relationships among organisms, both extinct and modern

Answer 2

Systematics

Question 3

• refers to the classification of organisms in biology
• branch of systematics
• involved in the classification and naming of organisms
• does not deal with the evolutionary history of organisms
• can change with further studies

Answer 3

Taxonomy

Question 4

• refers to the study and classification of organisms for the determination of the evolutionary relationship of organisms
• studies the relationship of organisms
• involved in the classification, naming, cladistics, and phylogenetics
• deals with the evolutionary history
• does not change with further studies

Answer 4

Systematics

Question 5

The 3 primary concerns of taxonomy

Answer 5

1. Classification
2. Nomenclature
3. Identification

Question 6

the arrangement of organisms into groups or taxa based on mutual similarity or evolutionary relatedness

Answer 6

Classification

Question 7

the branch of taxonomy concerned with the assignment of names to taxonomic groups in agreement with published rules

Answer 7

Nomenclature

Question 8

the practical side of taxonomy, the process of determining that a particular isolate belongs to a recognized taxon

Answer 8

identification

Question 9

• “Father of Taxonomy”
• developed binomial name system (1758)
• originator of modern classification system for plants and animals
• author of 180 works, including classifications of plants and diseases

Answer 9

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)

Question 10

Suggested that the unicellular form with different reproductive patterns be places in a separate kingdom (PROTISTA)

• THREE KINGDOM SYSTEM

Answer 10

Ernst Haeckel (1886)

Question 11

Three Kingdom System

Answer 11

unicellular vs multicellular

PROTISTA- unicellular
PLANTAE - plants
ANIMALIA - animals

Question 12

Suggested the 4-kingdom classification (MONERA)

Answer 12

Herbert Copeland (1938)

Question 13

4 Kingdom System

Answer 13

prokaryotes vs eukaryotes (w/ or w/o distinct nucleus)

Monera - pro, moving bacteria and “blue-green algae”
Protista - Euka
Animalia - Euka
Plantae - Euka

Question 14

______ showed important differences in cells, mainly according the the presence of absence of distinct nuclues, leading ÉDOUARD CHATTON to distinguishing organisms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 14

developemnt of optic and electronic microscopy

Question 15

Suggested the 5-kingdom classification (FUNGI)

Answer 15

Robert H. Whittaker (1969)

Question 16

Five Kingdom System

Answer 16

Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Question 17

Suggested the 6-kingdom classification prokaryotic organisms (Monera) into two kingdoms, the ARCHAEBACTERIA and EUBACTERIA

Answer 17

Carl Woese (1970’s)

Question 18

Six Kingdom System

Answer 18

Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Question 19

American microbiologist and biophysicist
who discovered the group of single-cell
prokaryotic organisms known as
archaea, which constitute a third domain
of life.

Answer 19

Carl Woese

Carl R. Woese, in full Carl
Richard Woese

Question 20

prokaryotes were
actually made up of two different groups
of organisms

Answer 20

true bacteria and
Archaea, with Archaea more closely
related to eukaryotes than bacteria.