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Environmental Science > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A network of interdependent component and processes with materials and energy
flowing from one component to another

A

System

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2
Q

those that receive inputs from their surroundings and produce outputs that leave the system

A

Open System

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3
Q

no matter exchanges with the surroundings

A

Closed System

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4
Q

increase a process or component

A

Positive Feedback

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5
Q

decrease a process or component

A

Negative Feedback

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6
Q

Feedback loops helps _____

A

stabilize systems

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7
Q

DISTURBANCES

A

Fire
Flooding
Climate Change
Invasion of New Species
Destructive Human Activities

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8
Q

properties that are entirely unexpected and include emergent phenomena in materials and emergent behavior in living creatures.

A

Emergent Properties

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9
Q

is the ability to return to a previous condition from being in a disturbance

A

RESILIENCE

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10
Q

adapt to the current condition, not going back to the previous condition

A

State Shift

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11
Q

A relatively stable state that keeps
population sizes within a sustainable range

A

Equilibrium

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12
Q

substances that cannot be broken down into simpler forms by ordinary chemical reactions.

A

Element

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13
Q

the smallest particles that exhibit the characteristics of an element.

A

Atom

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14
Q

anything that occupies space and has mass

A

Matter

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15
Q

Principle of Conservation of Matter

A

matter is neither
CREATED NOR DESTROYED
but rather is recycled
OVER AND OVER AGAIN

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16
Q

% Composition by Mass of
H U M A N B O D Y

A

O C H N Ca P K

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17
Q

% Composition by Mass of
O C E A N WAT E R

A

O H Cl Na Mg S Ca

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18
Q

% Composition by Mass of
E A R T H ’ S C R U S T

A

O Si Al Fe Ca Na K

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19
Q

% Composition by Mass of
AT M O S P H E R E

A

O N Ar Ca Ne He H

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20
Q

ability to do work

A

Energy

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21
Q

stored energy that is available for use

A

Potential Energy

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22
Q

the energy contained in moving objects

A

Kinetic Energy

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23
Q

Examples of Potential Energy:

A

Battery
Food we eat
Fuel

24
Q

Examples of Kinetic Energy:

A

Riding Bicycle
Wind Mill
Dam

25
Q

the energy that can be transferred between objects of different temperature.

A

Heat Energy

26
Q

deals with how energy is transferred in natural processes

A

Thermodynamics

27
Q

energy is conserved; that is, it is neither created nor destroyed under normal conditions

A

First Law of Thermodynamics

28
Q

with each successive energy transfer or transformation in a system, less energy is available to do work.

A

Second Law of Thermodynamics

29
Q

the synthesis of organic compounds by bacteria or other living organisms using energy derived from reactions involving inorganic chemicals, typically in the absence of sunlight.

A

Chemosynthesis

30
Q

are organisms that live in “extreme environments“

A

Extremophiles

31
Q

Example of Extremophiles

A

A colony of tube worms and mussels clusters over a cool, deep-sea methane seep in the Gulf of Mexico.

32
Q

No Sun, ___

A

No Life

33
Q

a fiery ball of exploding hydrogen gas

A

Sun

34
Q

the process by which green plants
and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical
energy.

A

Photosynthesis

35
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

10% ultraviolet
45% infrared
45% visible

36
Q

Who can photosynthesize?

A

Protists
Bacteria
Plants

37
Q

Balanced Chemical Formula of Photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O > 6O2 + C6H12O6

38
Q

chlorophyll-containing organelle in eukaryotic organisms; sites of photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast

39
Q

a unique green molecule that can absorb light energy and use it to create high-energy chemical bonds in compounds that serve as the fuel for all subsequent cellular metabolism

A

Chlorophyll

40
Q

Light-capturing molecules

A

PIGMENTS

41
Q

Example of Pigments: Light capturing molecules:

A

CAROTENE
- Orange
ANTHOCYANIN
- Violet
XANTHOPHYLL - Yellow

42
Q

it is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP

A

Cellular Respiration

43
Q

The process of releasing chemical energy that involves splitting carbon and hydrogen atoms from the sugar molecule and recombining them with oxygen to re-create carbon dioxide and water.

A

Cellular Respiration

44
Q

occurs in mitochondria.

A

Cellular Respiration

45
Q

powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

46
Q

Trophic Level

A

Tertiary Consumers - Top Carnivores
Secondary Consumers - Carnivores
Primary Consumers - Herbivores
Primary Producers - Autotrophs

47
Q

Consumers
that feed at all
levels:

A

Scavengers
Detritivores
Decomposers

48
Q

Ecological Pyramids Describe Trophic Level

A

Tertiary Consumers - 0.1%
Secondary Consumers - 1.8%
Primary Consumers
• Decomposers and Detritivores 24.2%
• Herbivores - 16.1%
Producers - 100%

49
Q

the sequence of transfers of matter and energy in the form of food from organism to organism

A

Food Chain

50
Q

connection of multiple food chains

A

Food Web

51
Q

the amount of biomass (biological material) produced in a given area during a given period of time

A

Productivity

52
Q

an organism’s feeding status in an ecosystem

A

Trophic Levels

53
Q

The ____ is
complex and involves state changes in water as well as the physical movement of water through and between ecosystems

A

water cycle/ hydrologic cycle

54
Q

Carbon functions as a structural component of organic molecules and a chemical bond in carbon compounds provide metabolic energy.

A

Carbon Cycle

55
Q

Nitrogen is mostly found in the atmosphere as nitrogen gas, and it is processed via nitrogen fixation.

A

Nitrogen cycle

56
Q

The slowest cycle among the biogeochemical cycles

A

Phosphorus Cycle

57
Q

The _____ within the terrestrial portion starts with the weathering of rocks, releasing the stored sulfur.

A

sulfur cycle

Environmental Science (3 decks)

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