Module 2

Question 1

What is a naturalistic observation

Answer 1

observation of participant w/o manipulating the environment or controlling the subject?

think of a animal in its wild habitat compared to being in a zoo. The first is natural

Question 2

What is a field experiment?

Answer 2

in real world setting but is behavior’s and environment controlled and manipulated by the researcher

Question 3

What are the two ways observation can captured?

Answer 3

1. qualitative (collecting opinions, notes, or general observation of behavior’s)

2.quantative (attempt to measure or count)

Question 4

What is the Hawthorne affect

Answer 4

Animal change behavior’s when they realized they are being observed

Question 5

What does the word “Hawthorne” refer to?

A
factory called Hawthorne Works Electric Company

b
A researcher with the name Hawthorne

c
An employee at a factory with the name Hawthorne

d
None of the above

Answer 5

A
factory called Hawthorne Works Electric Company

Question 6

In the Hawthorne study, what was one change that was mentioned?

a
The number of breaks given to employees

b
How often a foreman would check in with his employees

c
The amount of lighting in the work environment

d
The number of hours employees had to work

Answer 6

c
The amount of lighting in the work environment

Question 7

What is a case study

Answer 7

unique individual under unique circumstances (H.M)

Question 8

What is the case study of H.M

Answer 8

Henry developed seizure after falling off bike

Had bilateral ablation to medial temporal lobe (hippocampus and entorhinal cortex) to stop seizure

seizure stopped but could no longer form new memories leading to the differentiation of semantic, episodic, and procedural memory

Question 9

what is procedural memory

Answer 9

pertain to how something is done motor skill for walking and riding bike

Question 9

what is procedural memory

Answer 9

pertain to how something is done motor skill for walking and riding bike

Question 10

what is a survey

Answer 10

method to collect info bout how ppl think or act

Question 11

what is a sample

Answer 11

a subset of a population

Question 12

define sampling error

Answer 12

sample that deviates from true representation of a population

Question 13

define bias

Answer 13

unfair or unequal representation of population

Question 14

define wording effect

Answer 14

influence of language or wording on peoples response

Question 15

define response bias

Answer 15

tendency for people to respond how they feel like they are expected to answer

Question 16

define acquiescent bias

Answer 16

tendency to yes no matter actual opinionq

Question 17

define socially desirable bias

Answer 17

respond to questions in ways that are deemed socially acceptable

Question 18

define illusory superiority

Answer 18

tendency to describe ones behavior better than average

Question 19

define volunteer bias

Answer 19

a fraction of population being motivated to respond to survey

Question 20

The primary strength of survey research is the ability to determine cause-effect explanations. T/F

Answer 20

F

Question 21

define vulnerable population

Answer 21

group of individuals who are not able to give informed and free consent

Question 22

what are the two criteria of a vulnerable population

Answer 22

decisional impairment or situational vulnerability

Question 23

define decisional impairment

Answer 23

diminishes participants potential capacity to give informed consent

children and mental disability

Question 24

situational vulnerability

Answer 24

freedom of choice is undue by influence from another source

military personnel
offering money as reward for poor ppl

Question 25

When dealing with vulnerable population why is it important that we do not exclude them from participating if it may have a benefit for them.

Answer 25

principle of justice suggests that no person be denied the possible benefits associated with participating in a research study

Question 26

4 thing to consider when dealing with vulnerable populations

Answer 26

1. No study should be conducted if it is possible to ask the question to people without vulnerabilities
2. Accommodate vulnerable populations need and have people who specialize in the population

3.In cases of decisional impairment consent must be provided by both parent/guardians and participant

4.In cases of situation vulnerability, a neutral third party should be there to advocate for participants unwillingness to participate in study

Question 27

Strength and correlation have to w/ whether correlation is + or -

T/F

Answer 27

False +/- relate to direction of graph
strength is how closely related to variables

Question 28

what is correlation coefficient? What is the scale?

Answer 28

numerical representation of correlation strength (denotated by r). -1 to +1

Question 29

does correlation indicate causation

Answer 29

no

Question 30

define confounding variabel

Answer 30

other factors that may influence behaviour

Question 31

why is correlation important even though it does not = causation

Answer 31

helps to predict behaviours

Question 32

what is an Independent Variable

Answer 32

manipulated variable

Question 33

what is dependent variable

Answer 33

outcome measure

Question 34

define extraneous variable

Answer 34

not focused on in study but may affect results

Question 35

null

Answer 35

null

Question 35

define simple random sample? stratifies random sample? non random sample? convenience sample?

Answer 35

all individuals within population have = chance of participating (if large enough should reflect population equally)

divide into subgroups than choose random equal number of each sub group (split boy and girls choose 5 boys and 5 girls from population)

not all individuals are equally likely to participate

individuals who are chosen because of pre existing conditions

Question 36

define internal validity

Answer 36

degree to which result can be attribute to independent variable; controlling outside variable that may affect dependent

result can be replicated

Question 37

define external validity

Answer 37

degree of which it can be applied to the outside of an experiment. can it be generalized in other environments?

Question 38

what is the most commonly used measure of variability

Answer 38

standard deviation (SD).

Question 39

the average of a squared deviation score is __________

Answer 39

variance