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EARTH SCI > MODULE 2 > Flashcards

MODULE 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The basic building blocks of rocks. A naturally-occurring, inorganic solid with definite chemical composition, and an ordered internal structure.

A

MINERAL

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2
Q

THE MAIN COMPONENTS OF SILICATES. 2 MOST ABUNDANT ELEMENTS IN THE CRUST.

A

SILICON & OXYGEN

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3
Q

5 CHARACTERISTICS OF MINERALS

A
  • NATURALLY OCCURING
  • GENERALLY INORGANIC
  • SOLID
  • WELL-DEFINED CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
  • ORDERLY CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE
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4
Q

Not artificially or man-made. Formed by natural/geologic processes. (CHARACTERISTIC)

A

NATURALLY OCCURING

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5
Q

Minerals aren’t derived from living organisms. ( CHARACTERISTIC)

A

GENERALLY INORGANIC

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6
Q

substance must be solid and temperatures normally experience at Earth’s surface. (CHARACTERISTIC)

A

SOLID

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7
Q

Has an exact chemical formula with elements/compounds in specific ratios. (CHARACTERISTIC)

A

WELL DEFINED CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

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8
Q

The atoms are arranged in an orderly and repetitive manner. (CHARACTERISTIC)

A

ORDERLY CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE

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9
Q

are substances that fulfill the criteria of minerals but don’t have ordered internal structures.

A

MINERALOIDS

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10
Q

has two or more chemical elements combined

A

INORGANIC COMPOUND

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11
Q

5 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MINERALS

A
  • SILICATE
  • OXIDE
  • SULFIDE
  • CARBONATE
  • NATIVE METALS
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12
Q

composed primarily of silicon and oxygen. Also called the major rock forming minerals.

A

SILICATE

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13
Q

consists of metal cations bonded to oxygen anions.

A

OXIDE

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14
Q

consists of metal carbon bonded to sulfide. They’re also common ore minerals. Released from volcanoes

A

SULFIDE

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15
Q

characterized by the presence of carbonic ion

A

CARBONATE

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16
Q

consist of a single metal

A

NATIVE METALS

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17
Q

8 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS

A
  • COLOR
  • LUSTER
  • STREAK
  • CRYSTAL STRUCTURE (SHAPE)
  • HABIT
  • HARDNESS
  • CLEAVAGE
  • FRACTURE
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18
Q

most easily observed property, but usually the least useful. minerals color can be changed by the impurities that are found in the mineral.

A

COLOR

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19
Q

the quality and intensity of reflected light exhibited by the mineral

20
Q

Generally opaque and exhibit a resplendent shine similar to a polished metal

21
Q

vitreous (glassy), adamantine (brilliant/diamond-like), resinous, silky, pearly, dull (earthy), greasy, among others

A

NON-METALLIC

22
Q

the mineral’s color in powdered form.

23
Q

Mineral that exhibits gold color but has a black or dark gray streak.

A

PYRITE (FOOLS GOLD)

24
Q

depends on the chemical composition of the mineral. crystal pattern of a mineral is controlled by the internal arrangement of the atoms that make up the mineral.

A

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE/SHAPE

25
Q

a measurement of the strength of the chemical bonds in its structure

26
Q

HARDNESS CAN BE MEASURED BY…

A

scratching it with other mineral or a references material with known hardness

27
Q

when a mineral break along a flat, smooth surface.

28
Q

when a mineral breaks along an irregular surface.

29
Q

5 Other properties that are exhibited by a limited number of minerals include

A
  • magnetism
  • taste
  • smell
  • double refraction
  • chemical reaction to hydrochloric acid
30
Q

Naturally occurring aggregates of minerals, rock fragments or organic matter that have been cohesively brought together by a rock-forming process.

31
Q

3 TYPES OF ROCKS

A
  • IGNEOUS
  • METAMORPHIC
  • SEDIMENTARY
32
Q

MEANING OF IGNIS

33
Q

formed from molten rocks that has cooled and hardened

A

IGNEOUS ROCK

34
Q

form from the magma that cools and crystallizes beneath the earth’s surface.

A

IGNEROUS INTRUSIVE (PLUTONIC IGNEOUS)

35
Q

form at the Earth’s surface. they cool and crystallized from magma which has spilled out at a volcano

A

IGNEOUS EXTRUSIVE (VOLCANIC IGNEOUS)

36
Q

ROCKS THAT COOL QUICKLY, AND ARE FINE GRAINED

A

EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS

37
Q

ROCKS THAT COOL SLOWLY, AND ARE COARSE GRAINED

A

INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS

38
Q

form from material that has accumulatedand cemented on the Earth’s surface

A

SEDIMENTARY ROCK

39
Q

3 TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK

A
  • CLASTIC
  • CHEMICAL
  • ORGANIC
40
Q

Formed from the mechanical weathering debris

A

CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCK

41
Q

Form when dissolved materials precipitate from solution

A

CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCK

42
Q

Form from the accumulation of plant or animal debris

A

ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCK

43
Q

a rock that has changed by heat and pressure

A

METAMORPHIC ROCK

44
Q

has layered bonded appearance produced by exposure to heat and directed pressure

A

FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCK

45
Q

doesn’t have layered/banded appearance

A

NON-FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCK

EARTH SCI (6 decks)

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