MODULE 10 Flashcards
The act of modifying genes in a living organism to produce genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
GENETIC ENGINEERING
GMOS, ALSO KNOWN AS…
TRANSGENIC ORGANISMS
An application of biotechnology that uses biological systems, processes, or organisms to create products to improve quality of human life
GENETIC ENGINEERING
____ is physically removed and placed in an organism to be modified
GENE OF INTEREST
4 STEPS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING
- DNA ISOLATION
- LIGATION
- TRANSFORMATION
- INTEGRATION, EXPRESSION, AND INHERITANCE
STEP OF GENETIC ENGINEERING: isolating plasmid and gene of interest
DNA ISOLATION
STEP OF GENETIC ENGINEERING: gene insertion to the plasmid. Resistant gene is inserted into isolated plasmid, cleaved using the same restriction enzyme before being combined using DNA ligases
LIGATION
used to cut/melt the DNA. WHEN they recognize a specific nucleotide sequence, they cleave the strands.
RESTRICTION ENZYMES
Restriction Enzymes are also called…
RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES
USED to glue/combine the DNA
DNA LIGASES
plasmid is placed back to the bacterial cell. recombinant plasmid would be placed back to the bacterium.
TRANSFORMATION
____ of gene into recipient genome; ____ of gene in recipient genome; and ____ of gene through further generations
- INTEGRATION
- EXPRESSION
- INHERITANCE
Genes of bacteria, plants, and animals are modified to…
IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF HUMAN LIFE
GMOs have many uses in:
- AGRICULTURE
- MEDICINE
- ENVIRONMENT
2 GENETICALLY MODIFIED BACTERIA THAT HAS USES
- ESCHERICHIA COLI
- CYANOBACTERIA
USE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI?
CREATES SYNTHETIC HUMAN INSULIN
USE OF CYANOBACTERIA?
used to yield polyhydroxybutyrate to produce bioplastic
3 GENETICALLY MODIFIED PLANTS THAT HAS USES
- BT CORN
- BANANA VACCINE
- GOLDEN RICE
pest-resistant plant against corn-infesting larvae
BT CORN
edible vaccine against hepatitis virus
BANANA VACCINE
rice that produces beta-carotene
GOLDEN RICE
2 GENETICALLY MODIFIED ANIMALS THAT HAS USES
- BIOLUMINESCENT ANIMALS
- FAST-GROWING SALMON
used to identify different types of cells to detect diseases
BIOLUMINESCENT ANIMALS
a modified salmon to continually produce growth hormones
FAST-GROWING SALMON
4 ADVANTAGES OF GMOS
- INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY
- REDUCED PESTICIDE USE
- IMPROVED NUTRITION
- AIDED DISEASE DETECTION
4 DISADVANTAGES OF GMOS
- REDUCED BIODIVERSITY OF NON-DAMAGING INSECTS
- DECREASED PESTICIDE EFFECTIVITY
- PRODUCED ALLERGIC REACTIONS
- LED TO A HIGHER COST OF GM seeds
Late November 2018, created genetically modified twins to provide children with resistance to HIV. Sentenced to three years in prison for illegal medical practice
HE JIANKUI
