Module 17 - Bacteria and Viruses Flashcards
What are bacteria?
Prokaryotic organisms that belong to Domain Bacteria.
What are archaea?
Archaea can survive in lots of different extreme environments. Some can live in hot acidic environments, some can live in very salty environments, and some can live without the presence of oxygen.
What is a capsule?
A layer of polysaccharides around the cell wall that keeps the cell from drying out as well as other things
What are pili?
Submicroscopic, hairlike structures that are made of protein, help bacterial cells attach to surfaces.
What is binary fission?
prokaryote divides into two genetically identical cells.
What is conjugation? *
Two prokaryotes attach to each other and exchange genetic information.
What are endospores?
A dormant cell that some bacteria produce that is resistant to harsh environments.
What is a virus?
A nonliving strand of genetic material within a protein coat. Some diseases are caused by viruses.
What’s the difference between bacteria and viruses?
Viruses need a host cell to reproduce and bacteria are much larger in size than viruses. Also, viruses are not alive and bacteria are.
What is a capsid?
Outer layer of viruses made of proteins
What is the lytic cycle? *
Viral replication that occurs only in the cytoplasm of the host cell. Attachment, entry, replication, assembly, release. Makes copies of RNA or DNA. Active infections, shorter cycle.
What is the lysogenic cycle? *
Viral DNA inserts into a chromosome in a host cell permanently, remains dormant for some time, and eventually gets activated. Activation results in the lytic cycle.
What is a retrovirus? *
Virus that has RNA instead of DNA along with reverse transcriptase. Usually lysogenic cycle.
What are prions?
Proteins that can cause infection or disease. Often associated with brain damage.
