Module 1.6c Flashcards
Hearing + Sound
What is the Pinna?
Outer structure of the ear, used to funnel sounds into the ear, located in the outer ear.
What is sound localization
The ability to detect and tell the direction from which a sound is originating.
How is sound localized?
Sound waves strike one ear sooner and more intensely than the other.
What is Audition?
Sense of act of hearing.
What is amplitude?
Perceived loudness of sound. The greater the amplitude= Loud
The smaller the amplitude= Softer
What is amplitude measured in?
Decibels.
What is pitch?
The quality allowing us to determine if its a high or low sound.
High Frequency= High Pitched sound
Low Frequency= Low Pitched sound
How is pitch measured?
In hertz, through frequency.
What is the auditory canal?
what is sending the sound waves from the Pinna to the eardrum
Where is the auditory canal located?
In the temporal bone between the inner ear and temporal lobe
What is the eardrum (Tympanic Membrane)?
Thin layer of tissue that separates outer ear from middle ear. When sound reaches the eardrum its causes vibrates that domino throughout the ear.
What is an ossicles, and what are the three that you have in your ear?
ossicles are the bones located in the middle ear. These are the Hammer, Anvil, and Stirrup.
What is the function of the Hammer?
transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum to the anvil.
What is the function of the Anvil?
transmits the vibrations from the Hammer to the stirrup.
What is the oval window?
connective tissue membrane located at the end of the middle ear and the beginning of the inner ear.
What is the function of the oval window?
vibrates due to incoming vibrations and transmits sound to the hair cells making them move back and forth. Jostles the fluid in the cochlea
What is the cochlea?
Snail shaped tube located in the inner ear
What is the function of the Cochlea?
uses the cochlear fluid to trigger neural impulses. Does transduction.
What is the basilar membrane?
main mechanical element of the inner ear.
What is the function of the basilar membrane?
vibrating and moving the haircells
What is the Auditory Nerve?
the conversion of the axons of adjacent nerve cells
What is the function of the auditory nerve?
Carries the neural messages to the thalamus, the thalamus then carries it to the temporal lobe.
What is conduction hearing loss?
Less common form of hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea.
What causes conduction hearing loss?
Damage to the ossicles or the fact that the ossicles are becoming brittle due to old age.
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
the most common form of hearing loss caused by damages to the cochleas receptor cells or to the auditory nerve; also called nerve deafness.
What causes sensorineural hearing loss?
Listening to music way to loudly.
When is a cochlear implant used?
Used in sensorineural hearing loss
How does a cochlear implant work?
It translates the sound into electrical signals that when wired into the cochlea’s nerve, convey sound information to the brain.
What is place theory?
Linking the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated.
When is place theory used?
For High Frequencies
What is Frequency Theory?
the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch.
When is Frequency theory used?
For Low Frequencies
What is the volley principle?
alternate firing of neural cells.
What theory is the volley principle associated with?
Frequency theory.
What is the maximum to reach before the volley principle happens?
If the frequency hits over 1000 waves per second.
What is the middle ear?
the chamber between the eardrum and the cochlea
What is the role of the middle ear?
transferring sound vibrations from your eardrum to your inner ear
What is the outer ear?
the part of your ear that is visible
What is the role of the outer ear?
to collect sound waves and channel them into the ear canal, so the sound can be amplified
What is the inner ear?
innermost part of ear containing the cochlea semicircular canals and vestibular sacs
What is the role of the inner ear?
the last stop that sound waves make.
