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Pharmacology Final > Module 15 - Urinary, Reproductive, Eyes, Ears and Skin medication > Flashcards

Module 15 - Urinary, Reproductive, Eyes, Ears and Skin medication Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary analgesics - Actions and Use

A
  • Treatment for cystitis associated with UTI’s

- Soothing effect on lining of urinary tract

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2
Q

Urinary analgesics - Medication type

A

Phenazopyridine

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3
Q

Phenazopyridine - Precaution

A
  • Discontinued in Canada due to safety concerns

- Dangerous for Renal failure, liver failure and blood disorders

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4
Q

Urinary analgesics - Side/Adverse Effect

A
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Allergic reaction
  • Discoloration of urine and skin
  • Abdominal pain
  • Vomiting
  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Bruising/bleeding
  • Dyspnea
  • Tachycardia
  • Seizures
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5
Q

Urinary analgesics - Nursing Considerations

A
  • Vitals
  • Renal function
  • Allergies
  • Encourage fluid intake
  • Inform patient that drug can cause reddish-orange discoloration of skin
  • Administer with or after meals
  • Do not chew, break or crush tablets
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6
Q

Urinary stimulants - Actions and Use

A
  • Cholinergic Agonist or Parasympathomimetics
  • Stimulates muscarinic receptors acts on smooth muscles of urinary tract
  • Improves tone of urinary muscles
    Treatment: Urinary Retention (Post-op)
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7
Q

Urinary stimulants - Medication

A

Bethanechol

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8
Q

Urinary stimulants - Side/Adverse Effect

A
  • GI symptoms (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
  • Headache
  • Sweating
  • Flushing
  • Fainting
  • Hypotension
  • Bradycardia
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9
Q

Urinary stimulants - Nursing Considerations

A
  • Renal function
  • Electrolytes
  • Vitals (BP)
  • Monitor vital signs before and after administration
  • Intake and output
  • Palpate for bladder distention
  • Observe for drug toxicity (sweating, flushing, abdominal cramps and nausea)
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10
Q

Urinary Antispasmodics/Antimuscarinics - Actions and Use

A
  • Blocks acetylcholine and inhibit involuntary contraction of detrusor muscles
    Treatment: Overactive bladder and incontinence
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11
Q

Urinary Antispasmodics/Antimuscarinics - Medication

A

Flavoxate

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12
Q

Urinary Antispasmodics/Antimuscarinics - Side/Adverse Effects

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Palpitations
  • Eosinophilia
  • Dysuria
  • Blurred vision
  • Drowsiness
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
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13
Q

Women’s Health - Oral Estrogen-progestin combination contraceptives - Actions and Use

A
  • Used to prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation
  • Contain a combination of estrogen and progestin
  • oral contraceptive begins on day 5 of the ovarian cycle and continues for 21 days
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14
Q

Oral Estrogen-progestin combination contraceptives - Medication Types (3)

A

1) Monophasic - most common form, consistent amount of estrogen/progestin in 21 day cycle
2) Biphasic - constant dose of estrogen throughout the 21 day cycle and progestin near the end
3) Triphasic - amount of estrogen/progestin varies during 21 day cycle

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15
Q

Oral Estrogen-progestin combination contraceptives - Side/Adverse Effects

A
  • Migraines
  • Risk of breast cancer
  • Elevated glucose
  • Hypertension
  • Weight gain
  • Depression
  • Acne
  • Increased appetite
  • Nausea
  • Edema
  • Breast tenderness
  • Decreased breast milk
  • Thromboembolic disorders
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16
Q

Oral Estrogen-progestin combination contraceptives - Nursing Considerations

A
  • Educate on lifestyle changes (smoking, diet, exercise)
  • Assess mood
  • Asses skin
  • Vitals (HR,BP)
  • Precaution use for breast cancer clients
  • Assess for long-term use
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17
Q

Hormone Replacement Therapy (Female)- Actions and Use

A
  • Prevent complications associated with estrogen loss
  • Mimic’s estrogen
    Treatment: Unpleasant symptoms of menopause, ovary removal/hysterectomies and osteoporosis
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18
Q

Hormone Replacement Therapy (Female) - Side/Adverse Effects

A
  • Stroke
  • Breast cancer
  • Dementia
  • Venous thrombosis
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19
Q

Hormone Replacement Therapy (Female) - Progesterone - Action and Use

A

Limits and stabilize endometrium growth

- Mimic progesterone

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20
Q

Hormone Replacement Therapy (Female) - Progesterone -Side/Adverse Effects

A
  • Bleeding
  • Weight gain
  • Depression
  • Hypertension
  • N/V
  • Thrombolytic disease
  • Photosensitivity
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21
Q

Hormone Replacement Therapy (Female) - Progesterone - Nursing Considerations

A
  • Vitals
  • Assess for bleeding
  • Administration of a progestin in a pattern starting 5 days after the onset of menses and continuing for the next 20 days can sometimes help re-establish a normal monthly cycle
  • In case of heavy bleeding, high doses of conjugated estrogen’s may be administered for 3 weeks prior to adding progesterone for the last 10 days of therapy
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22
Q

BPH Medication

A

Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers

ex) terazosin

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23
Q

Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers - Actions and Use

A
  • Relax the smooth muscle in the prostate gland, urethra, and bladder neck
  • Blocks Epinephrine
  • Promotes Parasympathetic response
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24
Q

Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers - Side/Adverse effects

A
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Nausea
  • Abnormal ejaculation
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25
Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers - Nursing considerations
- Vitals (BP) - Change positions - Encourage fluid intake - GU Assessment - Cystoscopy - Educate on life long management
26
5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors - Actions and Use
- Converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) - Enhances prostate growth - Do not use with severe BPH
27
5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors - Side/Adverse Effects
- Decreased libido - Ejaculation dysfunction - Impotence - Gynecomastia - Syncope
28
5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors - Nursing Considerations
- Take with testosterone - GU Assessment - Sexual health - Encourage fluid intake - Assess output - Clients should not donate their blood
29
Erectile Dysfunction Agents - Actions and Use
Maintain relaxation in the smooth muscle of the penis, thereby increasing blood flow, which enhances an erection
30
Erectile Dysfunction Agents - Medication
Viagra (sildenafil)
31
Erectile Dysfunction Agents - Side/Adverse Effect
- Nasal congestion - Headache - Facial flushing - Dizziness - Vision abnormalities - Myalgia - Hypotension - Potential for priapism (prolonged erection)
32
Erectile Dysfunction Agents - Nursing Considerations
- Educate on use - Do not exceed 1 dose in 24 hours - Educate on contraindication for nitrate use - Dangerous for BP - Take with meals - Avoid Grapefruit juice
33
Glaucoma - Beta Adrenergic Blockers - Action and Use
- Blocks epinephrine - Decreases the aqeuous humour - Decreases pressure in the eye also reducing Intracranial pressure Medication: timolol
34
Beta Adrenergic Blockers - Side/Adverse Effect
- Hypotension - Fatigue - Nausea - Weakness - Dizziness - Edema
35
Glaucoma - Cholinergic agonists/miotics - Actions and Use
- Constriction of the pupil which allows flow of fluid to relieve pressure - Promotion of parasympathetic response
36
Glaucoma - Cholinergic agonists/miotics - Side/Adverse Effect
- Nausea - Vomiting - Bradycardia - Diarrhea - Salivation - Excessive sweating - Hypotension
37
Glaucoma - Prostaglandins - Actions and Use
- Decreases aqueous humour in eye and allows flow fluid out of the eye - Treats injuries and illness relating to tissue damage
38
Glaucoma - Prostaglandins - Side/Adverse Effect
- Bleeding - Hematoma - Fever - Inflammation
39
Glaucoma - Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist - Actions and Use
- Long term use for chronic Glaucoma | - Parasympathetic response
40
Glaucoma - Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist - Side/Adverse Effects
- Headache - Drowsiness - Dry mucous
41
Glaucoma - Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - Actions and Use
- Inhibits the activity of the ciliary processes of the eye - Reduces aqueous humor formation - Decreases intracranial pressure - Used as a second choice to beta-adrenergic blockers have not worked
42
Glaucoma medications - Nursing Considerations
- Vision exam - Encourage fluid intake - Assess Edema - Electrolyte levels - Vitals (HR, BP ) - Educate on waiting 5 min before/after using a different eye drop - Educate that vision will be worse immediately after use
43
Ear - Mineral Oil - Action and Use
For excessive ear wax of the outer part of the ear
44
Mineral Oil - Side/Adverse Effects
- Mild bloating - Gas - Mild diarrhea - Mild stomach cramps - Burning, stinging, or redness of skin (when applied topically)
45
Mineral Oil - Nursing considerations
- Hearing test - Administer at room temp - 3-5 drops into the affected ear at bedtime - Clean out ear in the morning
46
Acne Treatment- Actions and Use
Suppressing action of antimicrobial activity
47
Acne - Medication Types (2)
1) Topical benzoyl peroxide (Cream) - antibacterial | 3) Accutane (Severe acne)
48
Accutane - Action and Use
Decreases comedone (papules/blackheads) formation and increases the extrusion of comedone from the skin
49
Acne treatment - Side/Adverse Effect
- Stinging - Burning - Itchiness - Dryness - Dry mouth - Cracked lips - Flaking skin - Peeling skin - Depression
50
Acne treatment (both medications)- Nursing Considerations
- Avoid direct sunlight - Avoid alcohol - Healthy diet - Avoid stessors - Increase fluid intake - Avoid touching your face - Electrolyte levels - Assess mood
51
Bacteria/Fungal/Viral Skin | infection Treatment - Action and Use
- Topical agents (antibacterial/antifungal) - Severe infection may need anti-viral therapy Medication: neomycin cream/ointment (antifungal) - acyclovir (severe) antiviral medication ex) chickenpox
52
Neomycin - Side/Adverse Effect
- Drowsiness - Increased thirst - Loss of appetite - Weight gain - Confusion - Dyspnea - Allergic reactions
53
Neomycin - Nursing considerations
- Assess infection and allergic reactions - Encourage fluid intake - Encourage hand hygiene - Assess LOC - Skin assessment - Vitals (RR, HR, BP)
54
Dermatitis - Topical Glucocorticoids - Actions and Use
- Reduces inflammation - Controls itchy and flaking skin Medications: - Hydrocortisone (low) - Prednisone /mometasone (middle) - Betamethasone (severe)
55
Topical Glucocorticoids - Side/Adverse Effects
- Itching - Burning - Dryness - Redness - Irritation - Headaches - Dizziness - Nausea - Numbness - Mood changes
56
Topical Glucocorticoids - Nursing Considerations
- Avoid over use - Assess infection risk - Skin assessment
57
First Degree Burn
- Superficial burn on epidermis - Painful - Warm - Redness - Swollen - No nerve damage - Does not require immediate medical attention ex) Sun burn
58
Second Degree Burn
- Partial thickness burns - Epidermis/Partial Dermis - Longer healing time - Painful - Redness - Exudate - Swelling ex) Boiling water
59
Third Degree Burn
- Full thickness burn - Epidermis/Dermis - Sweat glands - Serious and life threatening - Nerve damage - Necrosis - Exudate - Requires medical attention ex) Exposure to fire
60
Burn Treatments
- Topical Antibiotic cream - Ice - Aloe Vera - Gauze - Skin grafts
61
Burns -Antibiotic Cream - Medication
- Neosporin | - Polysporin
62
Neosporin - Action and Use
Prevents and treats infections
63
Neosporin - Side Effects
- Itching - Swelling - Burning - Redness - Dizziness - Rash
64
Neosporin - Nursing Considerations
- Allergies - Skin Assessment - Encourage fluid intake - Educate on not taking when fungal infection is present
65
Drugs for Emergency Contraception
- Should be administered not later than 72 hours after unprotected intercourse Medication: Preven
66
Drugs for Emergency Contraception - Side Effects
- Cramping soon after - Prolonged bleeding which may continue 1-2 weeks after dosing - Headaches
67
Hormone Replacement Therapy (Male)- Androgen - Action and Use
Male hormone replacement for testosterone - Stimulates the tests to produce androgens - Available in IM/SC injections, patches and gels - Can also be used as a palliative measure for breast cancer
68
Androgen - Side Effects
- BPH - Hypertension - Raise cholesterole levels - Low sperm count - Impotence - Behavior changes

Pharmacology Final (6 decks)

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