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Pharmacology Final > Module 13 - Anti fungal, Antibacterial and Antiviral medication > Flashcards

Module 13 - Anti fungal, Antibacterial and Antiviral medication Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-Infection Agents - Medication Types

A

1) Antibiotics/Antibacterial
2) Antiviral
3) Anti-fungal
4) Antiprotozoal

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2
Q

How do Antibiotics work?

A
  • Inhibit growth or reproduction of bacteria by inhibiting DNA synthesis
  • Kill bacteria
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3
Q

What is the difference between broad and narrow spectrum antibiotics?

A

Broad- Works against both gram positive (staphylococci) and gram negative (environmental) bacteria
Treatment: Sinus infections, URI’s and GU infections
Narrow- Works against either gram positive or gram negative bacteria
ex) Penicillin

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4
Q

Example of a broad antibiotic?

A 
-Aminopenicillins 
 amoxicillin (Amoxil)
- amoxicillin clavulanate (Augmentin)     
- ampicillin (Principen)
- ampicillin and sulbactam (Unasyn)
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5
Q

Example of a narrow antibiotic?

A

Spectrum/Natural penicillin’s

  • cloxacillin (Orbenin)
  • Extended spectrum (Anti-pseudomonal
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6
Q

Antibiotic - Side/Adverse Effect

A
  • Rash
  • Fever
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea (antibiotics can disrupt the normal flora)
  • Super infection (resistance microorganism)
  • Organ toxicity
  • Anaphylaxis
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7
Q

Antibiotic - Nursing Considerations

A
  • Allergies
  • Assess for infection risk
  • Ensure C&S has been collected prior to first dose
  • History of liver or kidney disease
  • Vital signs
  • Precaution of oral -contraceptive use
  • Ensure the anti-biotics are taken everyday as prescribed and finished as prescribed
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8
Q

Antiviral - Actions and Use

A

-Used to prevent or delay the spread of a viral infection
- Works by inhibiting viral nucleic acid DNA synthesis in the cell
Treatment: HIV/AIDS and HSV 1/2

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9
Q

Antiviral - Medication Types (2)

A

1) Reverse transcriptase inhibitors - efavirenz (Sustiva) or zidovudine (Retrovir)
2) Pro-tease inhibitors – inhibit final assembly of HIV virus- saquinavir (Invirase)

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10
Q

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors - Action and Use

A
  • Mimics thymine in DNA transcription (think of reverse transcription)
  • Amends the translation of DNA synthesis to control spread
  • Used for advanced HIV infection
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11
Q

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors - Side/Adverse effects

A
  • Headache
  • Fever
  • Dizziness
  • Muscle pain
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Infection risk
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12
Q

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors - Nursing considerations

A
  • Assess muscle weakness
  • Assess protein serum levels
  • Assess for risk of infections
  • Encourage hand hygiene
  • Assess input/output
  • Educate on use for pregnant women - may not be safe
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13
Q

Pro-tease inhibitors - Actions and Use

A
  • Synthetic drugs that inhibit the action of HIV-1 pro-tease
  • Binds to viral HIV-1 pro-tease
  • Prevents new (immature) HIV cells to mature by blocking replication and growth
    Treatment: HIV and Hep C
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14
Q

Pro-tease inhibitors - Side/Adverse Effect

A
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Kidney toxicity
  • Liver toxicity
  • Kidney Stones
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15
Q

Pro-tease inhibitors - Nursing Considerations

A
  • LFT analysis
  • Assess kidney function by urine analysis
  • Input/output
  • Encourage fluid intake
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16
Q

Anti-fungal - Actions and Use

A
  • Anti-mycotic medication
  • Causes the fungal cell wall to become porous and leaky
  • Causes fungus cell to die
  • Cream, ointment, oils and spray
    Treatment: Athlete’s Foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush) and cryptococcal meningitis
17
Q

Anti-fungal - Common Medication type

A
  • nystatin (liquid, pill, cream, or powder form)
18
Q

Anti-fungal - Side/Adverse Effects

A
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Stomach pains
  • Dryness
  • Itchiness
  • Burning
19
Q

Anti-fungal - Nursing education

A
  • Allergies
  • Kidney disease
  • Assess LFT
  • Input/output
  • Encourage fluid intake
  • Assess for infection spread/risk
20
Q

Antiprotozoal - Actions and Use

A
  • Kills or inhibits the growth of organisms known as protozoans (parasite)
  • Common protozoan disease are Asian and African countries
    Treatment: Malaria and Chagas’ disease
    Medication: Metronidazole
21
Q

Antiprotozoal - Side/Adverse Effects

A
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Unpleasant metallic taste
  • Furred tongue
  • Oral mucositis
  • Anorexia
22
Q

Antiprotozoal - Nursing Condsiderations

A
  • Encouraging fluid intake
  • Intake/output
  • Oral examination
  • Record weight severe weight loss
  • Nutrition therapy

Pharmacology Final (6 decks)

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