Module 14 Research methods

Question 1

Statistics

Answer 1

Branch of math that seals with analysis of numerical data

Question 2

Descriptive statistics

Answer 2

describe, summarize, or make sense of a particular set of data

Question 3

Data set

Answer 3

collection of related sets of info

Question 4

Graphs

Answer 4

pictorial representations of data in 2D space

Question 5

Bar graph

Answer 5

vertical bars that represent data
Categorical variable
Bars do not touch

Question 6

Histogram

Answer 6

graphic representation of frequency distribution
Quan variable
Bars touch

Question 7

Line graph

Answer 7

Representation of linear data

Question 8

Scatter plot

Answer 8

way to visualize relationship between two quantitative variables
Is there a relationship?
Is it linear or curvilinear?
Is linear relationship positive or negative?
Is linear relationship weak or strong?

Question 9

Measure of central tendency

Answer 9

numerical value most typical of the values of a quan variable

Question 10

Mode

Answer 10

most frequently occurring number of a set

Question 11

Median

Answer 11

Middle point of a set of numbers

for even quantity, find average of middle two numbers

Question 12

Mean

Answer 12

arithmetic average

Question 13

Distribution of data

Answer 13

Normal distribution - bell curve
Negatively skewed - tail to the left (toward negative numbers)
Positively skewed - tail to the right (toward positive numbers)

Question 14

Inferential statistics

Answer 14

Use laws of of probability to make inferences about populations based on samples

Question 15

Estimation

Answer 15

rough calculation of the value, number, or quantity of something

Question 16

Point estimation

Answer 16

Using a single number as the estimate of the population parameter

Question 17

Interval estimation

Answer 17

Includes a range of numbers thought to contain the population parameter

Question 18

Significance tests

Answer 18

Researchers report statistical significance to enhance credibility

Question 19

T-test

Answer 19

used for independent samples or correlation coefficients

Question 20

Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Answer 20

Analyze group means of a sample

Question 21

Chi-square test

Answer 21

For contingency tables

Used to test relationships between categorical variables

Question 22

Hypothesis testing

Answer 22

How well the sample data support the particular hypothesis (null) and when the null can be rejected

Question 23

Null hypothesis

Answer 23

predicts no difference or relationship in the population

Question 24

Alternative hypothesis

Answer 24

the population parameter predicts a value other than the null