Module 14: Food, nutrition & supplementation for all abilities

Question 1

Why are dummies bad for oral motor function?

Answer 1

• creates poor airway function where the tongue sits low
• don’t get good lip seal
• when the tongue sits on the roof of the mouth = creates good tongue & jaw function.
• can create / contribute to an anterior open bite (& thumb sucking)

Question 2

Why is the tongue referred to as the bridge to the brain?

Answer 2

• Because there are many cranial nerves that innervate it
• tongue stimulation is a powerful stimulus into the brainstem then up to the cortex.

Question 3

What is the WHO recommendation for breastfeeding?

Answer 3

• exclusively BF for 6 months
• Solids slowly introduced at 6 months
• Mix BF & solids first 2 yrs

Question 4

What is the recommended protein intake?

Answer 4

1g/ kg body weight

Question 5

Why Is Fibre important?

Answer 5

• detoxification
• feeds good microbiota
• bulks stool
• stabilises blood sugar

Question 6

What is the main source of food for your gut bacteria?

Answer 6

• Carbohydrates, preferentially from veggies & fruit

Question 7

Two best fats to consume:

Answer 7

• Monounsaturated
• help reduce cholesterol & protective against CVD
  *olive oil
• Polyunsaturated
• divided into omega 3’s & 6’s
  *good for CV help, brain & eye function & reduce inflammation
• deep sea fish, nuts, avocado, chia seeds, walnuts high in omega 6

Question 8

Brainstem functions

Answer 8

• Alterness/ Arousal
• ANS - Breathing/ BP/ digestion/ HR
• Sensory Motor relay & modulation
• Cranial N nuclei
• Primitive reflexes
• source of many neurotransmitters

Question 9

Where does the Trigeminal complex receive afferent info from?

Answer 9

• Meninges
• Upper cervical roots
• Oral system converge onto central neurone within trigeminal complex

Question 10

Rehab for poor oral motor tone:

Answer 10

• Have kids poke tongue up and out in front of mirror
• tongue to touch roof of mouth
• pull tongue out & move side- side
• electric toothbrush to lips/ teeth

Question 11

What influences the enteric nervous system?

Answer 11

• Influenced by PNS & SNS
• Motor & sensory components
• Vagus nerve - major communication role between changes in GI tract to the CNS
• HPA - hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway

Question 12

What 3 areas control micturition?

Answer 12

• Sacral micturition centre (S2-S4)
• pontine micturition centre
• Cerebral cortex

Question 13

Functions of Periaquaductal grey matter (PAG)?

Answer 13

• regulation of HR & BP
• Autonomic processes (bladder control/ contraction)
• Production of vocalisations
• Fearful & defensive reactions
• Powerful role in analgesia, control & expression of pain

Question 14

The bladder has three different nerve supplies:

Answer 14

• sympathetic = IML via hypogastria. N (filling)
• Parasympathetic = from sacral plexus via Pelvic N (emptying)
• Somatic efferent = sacral cord voluntary control of external sphincter via Pudendal N (somatic NS = voluntary control to pelvic flor/ external sphincter)