Module 11 The Afferent Brain model & Neurosensory Integration Flashcards
How does the cortex affect the sympathetic system
- Cortex fires into the pontomeduallary system on the same side which inhibits IML on SAME Side
- If have cortical fatigue - don’t have inhibition from pontomedullary system , therefore will have increase in SNS on SAME side as cortical fatigue.
Where does the info received from muscle spindle cells go?
goes to cerebellum via posterior spinocerebellar tract(LL) and cuneocerebellar (UL) = which carries nonconscious proprioceptive info to the ipsilateral cerebellum. Tract travels through inferior cerebellar peduncle.
- Anterior spinocerebellar tract = integrates proprioception with descending motor modulation & feeds info back to cerebellum via superior cerebellar peduncle.
What is the significance of having frequent ankle sprains on the same side?
- An indicator that there is cortical fatigue/ hemispherity on the same side which is effecting the tone on that same side. Non conscious tone is set by the reticulospinal tract (muscle tone & posture)
Signs of increased sympathetics
(UL due to cortical fatigue & therefore no inhibition of IML)
- Pupil dilation
- Bronchodilation (increase O2)
- Increasing in sweating
- Tearing response
- Increase HR/RR
- reduce reproductive hormones
- Facial flushing
- Arteriole constriction = shunt blood to periphery.
*** chronic SNS firing reduces immune system.
Other indicators of cortical fatigue
SAME SIDE;
- Increased shoulder angulation/ rotation
- frequent sprains/strains or body injuries.
- pupil dilation
- low facial tone (reduced tone small muscles of the face)
- reduced tone ADD & ABD fingers)
What muscles are being used to look to the right?
- Right lateral rectus (abducens) = lateral
- Left medial rectus (oculomotor) = lateral medial
What muscles are being used to look up to the left top corner?
- R inferior oblique (oculomotor) = Superior & medial
- L superior rectus (oculomtor) = Up & out
What muscles are being assessed with convergence?
- Medial rectus (oculomotor) - medial
What muscles are being used to look down to L bottom corner?
- L Inferior rectus (oculomotor) - down & out
- R superior oblique (trochlear) - down and In
Parietal lobe functions:
- important in regulating somatosensory, language& spatial orientation functions.
- Regulates somato-sensory functions
- Responsible for cortical processing of
touch, pain body position, body awareness - Builds a map of our body and the world
- Receptive and sensory components of
language (wernicke) - Complex spatial orientation and perception
- Self-perception and interaction with the
world
What would you see in practice with children who have parietal issues?
- Clumsy, falling over a lot, bumping into things a lot.
- Poor body awareness - no sense of personal space, can’t copy/ mirror movements
- Sensory dysregulation issues
- too rough at school - sensory seeking
- Poor ability to localise pain (may have heightened pain or reduced sense of)
- Dyslexia
- don’t know L from R
- May have hemi neglect (contralateral to side of poor functioning parietal lobe).
Parietal Clinical tests;
- Visual fields
- 2 point discrimination and joint position sense
- Can they mirror movements
- Parietal localisation - Dr move arm, have pt move other arm to match (testing parietal lobe opposite of arm that pt has moved)
- Optokinetic pursuit
- Smooth visual tracking
- Finger to nose in each visual field
- Stereognosia = object identification
- atopognosia = not able to localise part of body that has been touched/ has sensation.
- agraphagnosia = #’s, capital & small letters
- Sensory extinction / inattention = touch part of body & Pt relay which part was touched.
Sensory Integration Disorder
= Brain has trouble receiving & responding to info that comes in through the senses.
= the brain’s inability to integrate certain info received from the body’s sensory systems.
- Brain becomes overwhelmed.
- Varies; either hyper or hyposensitive
Vestibular sensory integration issues would look like
- poor motor control
- lack of balance
- avoid playgrounds & fear of heights
- OR crave fast spinning/ thrill seeking
General behaviours & traits associated w SID
- agitation, frustration, aggression,
- low self esteem, difficulty unwinding or sleeping
- appearing out-of-sync with self or others and the environment.
