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S22 - PSY1102 > Module 14 + 15 - Psychological Disorders & Treatment > Flashcards

Module 14 + 15 - Psychological Disorders & Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

addiction

A

disorder of the brains reward system that’s described by compulsive and repetitive engagement of dangerous actives that only give immediate-reward (aka high) without any disregard of long-term consequences

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2
Q

case formulation

A

explanation of an individuals mental disorder that is explained by history, relationship status, physical health and cultural background

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3
Q

clinical judgement

A

mental health professionals’ use of past professional experiences to inform clinical decision making

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4
Q

clinical significance

A

requirement in DSM-5 where the symptoms of the psychological disorder causes impairment or distress to one’s daily function

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5
Q

compulsions

A

recurrent, uncontrollable and intrusive behaviours that an individual feels driven to perform, often in response to an obsession

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6
Q

debilitation condition

A

a disorder that seriously affects an individuals ability to carry one with regular activities in their life

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7
Q

deinstitutionalization

A

a movement to reduce the admissions to psychiatric hospitals, shorten lengths of stays, and improve the treatment patients receive

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8
Q

diagnosis

A

formal identification of a psychological disorder

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9
Q

dissociation

A

mental processes that involve a disruption of an individuals memory, identity, emotion, perception and behaviour

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10
Q

dysphoria

A

a state of unease and dissatisfaction with life

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11
Q

encopresis

A

an elimination disorder diagnosed in children 5+ - marked by a repeated urinagting in inappropriate places

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12
Q

eugenics

A

philosophical argument that only individuals with ‘good genes’ should reproduce to ‘enhance’ the population/society and the ‘bad gene’ individuals to stop reproducing

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13
Q

heterogenous clinical syndrome

A

a psychiatric diagnosis that can be made based on several different symptoms, which may or may not overlap from person to person

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14
Q

impulse-control

A

ability to resist urges, temptations and impulses to engage in behaviours that may be harmful to others or oneself

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15
Q

manifestation

A

the display, show or demonstration of symptoms of a psychological disorder

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16
Q

negative symptoms

A

behaviours that an individual experiencing psychosis does not do

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17
Q

obsessions

A

recurrent, uncontrollable and intrusive thoughts, fears, urges or images

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18
Q

first-person language

A

the practice of referring to an individual first then their disability

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19
Q

picky eating

A

a behaviour in which individuals refuse to eat specific food due to colour, smell or texture

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20
Q

positive symptoms

A

behaviours that were not present before the onset of a psychotic disorder

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21
Q

prevalence rate

A

an indication of how widespread a psychological disorder is within a specific population

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22
Q

sexual orientation

A

during pattern of romantic/sexual attraction to others that begins in early adolescence

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23
Q

social withdrawal

A

avoidance of people or activities that were once enjoyable

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24
Q

societal pressures

A

social expectations that influence how individuals behave and respond to their environment

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25
somatic
refers to something that is specifically relation to the body, not mind
26
spectrum
a continuum used to classify the level of impairment of a psychological disorder
27
stigma
disapproval, poor treatment or discrimination or isolation due to being different
28
suicide
the act of intentionally ending ones own life
29
vicarious
experienced by washing, listening to or reading about someone else doing something
30
withdrawal
symptoms of distress, restlessness and irritability associated with reduction or discontinuation of an addictive substance or behaviour
31
acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
therapy that is meant to change our responses to our thoughts and feelings instead of changing thoughts and feelings generally
32
applied behaviour analysis (ABA)
Goal is to reduce inappropriate behaviours and increase effective communication, adaptive learning and appropriate social behaviours
33
atypical antipsychotic
group of second generation of antipsychotic drugs used to treat psychotic disorders - both act on the dopamine snd serotonin in the brain
34
barbiturates
group of drugs that cause sedation and induce sleep, historically prescribed for anxiety
35
behaviour modification
process of changing problematic behaviours
36
benzodiazepines
group of drug meant to treat anxiety - known for being fast acting and highly addictive
37
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
model of therapy asserting that thoughts and perception influence feelings and behaviours
38
cognitive distortions
patterns of negative automatic thoughts that can become pervasive and contribute to psychological disorders
39
cognitive distortions example
all-or-nothing attitude, discounting positive, and catastrophizing
40
cognitive restructuring
therapeutic process where a patient learns to identify cognitive distortions, dispute negative thoughts and develop alternative, positive and rational thoughts
41
cognitive therapy
form of therapy that treats psychological disorders by teaching thought-management techniques to dispel negative thoughts
42
cognitive triad
beck's cognitive triad represents an individuals belief system about the self, the world and the future that can make them more or less susceptible to depression
43
contingency management
form of behaviour modification which includes the use of tangible rewards to reinforce appropriate behaviours
44
couples therapy
treatment option that involve couples meeting a therapist to work on their communication & see if their relationship is tangible
45
effectiveness
ability for research to produce desired outcome based on research applied in real-world settings and populations
46
efficacy
the ability for research to produce desired outcomes based on research protocols that are strictly controlled
47
extinction
occurs when a simulus no longer produces a conditioned response
48
extrapyramidal symptom
serious side-effects of antipsychotic medications that include physical rigidity and other involuntary body movement
49
family therapy
treatment option to address interpersonal difficulties within a family unit
50
fear hierarchy
therapeutic chart on which anxiety-provoking stimuli are ranked from 1-100 in order to help the client systematically face the source of fear
51
first-line treatment
initial and preferred/nest attempt to treating a psychological disorder
52
flooding
therapeutic technique where a client is exposed to an anxiety-provoking stimulus and not allowed to leave until they can relax
53
free association
technique of psychoanalysis where a client is encouraged to freely share thoughts, words and anything in ind in order to gain insight of the subconscious thoughts, behaviour and motivation
54
group therapy
treatment option where a therapist works with several individuals together
55
humanistic therapy
therapeutic model that focuses on the clients individual characteristic with a primary goal of helping them develop a stronger, healthier sense of identity to better understand the meaning of life
56
ideal self
self-perception consisting of how we should look based on external influences
57
imaginal exposure
therapeutic exercise that involves the client imaging the source of trauma or anxiety in a safe environment - goal is to reduce the distress experienced
58
institutionalization
separating individuals with mental illness form the rest of society
59
mood stabilizer
medications that treat and prevents mania/depression usually in bipolar
60
non-directive
therapeutic style in which the therapist allows the client to lead the session
61
paradoxical effect
effect of medications where it causes the opposite reaction as it's suppose to
62
person-centred therapy
therapeutic modality that focuses on the patients own role in their treatment
63
pharmacotherapy
involves prescription & management of medications
64
psychopharmacotherapy
administration of psychiatric medication to treat mental health disorders
65
pre-frontal lobotomy
psychosurgical procedure developed to treat severe psychosis - severing frontal lobe to the rest of the brain
66
psychiatrist
medical doctor who assess and treats psychological disorders and prescribes medication

S22 - PSY1102 (4 decks)

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