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S22 - PSY1102 > Module 10: intelligence > Flashcards

Module 10: intelligence Flashcards

1
Q

Active open-mindedness

A

thinking disposition where one sensitizes oneself to look for and be aware of bias in their thinking and reasoning - cultivating habits of counteracting those bias’s

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2
Q

Adaptation

A

Binet and Simon - one of three basic abilities of intelligence - the ability to creates solutions for issues and monitoring the progress of the solutions

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3
Q

analytic intelligence

A

Sternberg - intelligence used for standard IQ tests like mathematical reasoning

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4
Q

choice reaction time

A

Jensen - method of measuring intelligence by indirectly measuring nerve conductance speed by directly measuring process speed

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5
Q

chronological age

A

number of years someone has been alive since birth

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6
Q

cognitive flexibility

A

involves the ability to break down and out of a standard or automatic behaviour - how one formulates a problem and redirects one’s attention accordingly

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7
Q

cognitive revolution

A

during 1950’s - field of psychology underwent a significant construction of it’s definition as a field, methods & practices due to Chomsky and Bruner

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8
Q

During the cognitive revolution, what did psychologist come to emphasize?

A

the meaning of stimulus and the internal processing of that meaning, in order to explain behaviour

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9
Q

componential analysis

A

studying intelligence by determining how complex problems are solved by breaking the complex problem into smaller and simpler problems

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10
Q

creative intelligence

A

Sternberg - phrase for the ability to solve problems in novel situations often by demonstrating cognitive flexibility

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11
Q

criticism

A

Binet & Simon - ability to reflect on your own problem-solving behaviour and find errors and mistakes

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12
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

ability to solve problems and reason about the situations because of past knowledge

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13
Q

example of crystallized intelligence

A

ability to read due to knowledge of literacy

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14
Q

deviation IQ

A

Weschler -

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15
Q

direction

A

Binet and Simon - the ability to know what to do and how to do it

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16
Q

three basic abilities of intelligence

A

direction, criticism, adaptation

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17
Q

domain-general

A

process or function is when it can be reliably and effective applied in a variety of domains

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18
Q

domain-specific

A

process or function is when it is limited in the number or types of domains it can applied to successfully

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19
Q

eduction - general definition

A

process of drawing out or extracting

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20
Q

eduction - definition related to intelligence

A

spearman - used it to refer to the ability to make explicit what is explicit and elucidate what was previously unclear

21
Q

encoding of information

A

how information is represented so that it can be processed by the functions found within an information processing system

22
Q

eugenics

A

philosophical argument that keeps to improve human society by encouraging reproduction by people with ‘desirable’ qualities and discouraging reproduction by people with ‘undesirable’ qualities

23
Q

positive eugenics

A

encouraging reproduction by people with ‘desirable’ qualities

24
Q

negative eugenics

A

discouraging reproduction by people with ‘undesirable’ traits

25
fluid intelligence
Your ability to think and solve problems in complex and novel situations in a flexible manner without relying primarily on knowledge you already possess
26
Flynn effect
Flynn - on average IQ scores were rising even on tests which are supposed to be immune to cultural influences
27
Why is the Flynn effect controversial?
Implies that on average most people several generations back were quite unintelligent
28
inspection time
Nettelbeck and Lalley - for measuring intelligence by measuring the processing speed of human beings
29
intelligence
the capacity to be a general problem solve and solve a wide variety of problems in a wide range of domains through pattern recognition, analogous transfer and reasoning
30
IQ
intelligence quotient - standardized measure of ones intelligence
31
who developed IQ testing?
Terman
32
how is IQ calculated
ones mental age divided by ones chronological age multiples by 100
33
mental age
Binet and Simon - ones mental age indicates the average age of children who can solve the set of problems that a particular child is capable of solving
34
mindfulness
paying attention to how one is paying attention to and therefore interpreting a situation
35
mindset
mental structure of representations, attitudes and interpretations that affects how one evaluates information and thereby responds to situations
36
Multiple intelligences
Gardner - theory that there are many intelligences that apply to specific domains of human behaviour - this is reflected in those domains for which we can find prodigies
37
Practical intelligence
Sternberg - phrase for ones ability to solve problems in real-world situations
38
rationality
the ability to overcome self-deception in ones reasoning and problem-solving - being able to recognize and counteract the effect of bias on one's cognition
39
reverse engineering
methodological strategy in cognitive science that integrates psychology and computer science to explain human behaviour
40
How does reverse engineering work?
creating a computer system that is capable of reproducing a particular pattern of behaviour found in humans - then use the functions and processes within the program as a hypothesis to explain human behaviour
41
selection effects
the skewing of data so that it does not represent the world accurately - often due to biased selection of data
42
self-enhancement bias
the tendency to judge one's performance as better than the average without any evidence of special expertise or training
43
social Darwinism
misapplication of Darwin's theory of biological evolution to the supposed explanation of the evolution of culture
44
What is wrong with social darwinism
it is a confusion of moral arguments with the scientific explanation that was meant to be used with eugenics
45
stereotype threat
refers to the risk of confirming negative expectations about ones own social group
46
successful intelligence
Sternberg - phrase for optimal coordination of analytic, creative and practical intelligence needed in order to achieve
47
wisdom paradox
Goldberg's name for the fact that we seem to get wiser as we age even though our intelligence goes down with age
48
causes of wisdom paradox
the fact that intelligence is a fixed trait while rationality and skills are abilities & abilities can be increased with training

S22 - PSY1102 (4 decks)

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