Module 14

Question 1

Which of the following muscles are muscles of the deep layer of the gluteal region? Select all that apply.
Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)
Obturator Internus
Piriformis
Gluteus maximus
Superior gemellus

Answer 1

Obturator Internus
Piriformis
Superior gemellus

Question 2

Which of the following muscles have origin points from the posterior (or external) surfaces of the ilium? Select all that apply.
Gluteus Medius
Obturator Internus
Gluteus Minimus
Superior Gemellus
Gluteus Maximus

Answer 2

Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Gluteus Maximus

Explanation:
All of the gluteal muscles (maximus, medius, and minimus) have origin points from the posterior/ external surface of the ilium; obturator internus has an origin from the pelvic surface of the ilium; and piriformis and superior gemellus originates from the ischium.

Question 3

Which of the following muscles originates from the ischium? Select all that apply.
Superior Gemellus
Quadratus Femoris
Inferior Gemellus
TFL
Piriformis

Answer 3

Superior Gemellus
Quadratus Femoris
Inferior Gemellus

Explanation:
The superior gemellus, quadratus femoris and the inferior gemellus all originate from bony landmarks of the ischium: superior gemellus from the ischial spine and quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus from the ischial tuberosity. TFL will originate from the ASIS and piriformis will originate from the anterior surface of the sacrum, greater sciatic notch & sacrotuberous ligament.

Question 4

True or False: The obturator internus, and superior and inferior gemelli muscles all insert on the trochanteric fossa of the femur.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True or False: All of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh are innervated by the tibial nerve.

Answer 5

False

Explanation:
This statement is false: All of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh are innervated by the tibial nerve EXCEPT the short head of the biceps femoris (innervated by the common fibular nerve).

Question 6

True or False: All of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh will flex the knee.

Answer 6

True

Explanation:
This statement is true: all 4 of the hamstring muscles (muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh) will flex the knee. Three of these muscles (those that cross the hip joint: semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and the long head of the biceps) will extend the hip as well.

Question 7

Which of the following muscles originates from the ischial tuberosity? Select all that apply.
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Short head of the biceps femoris
Long head of the biceps femoris

Answer 7

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Long head of the biceps femoris

Explanation:
All of the hamstring muscles originate from the ischial tuberosity EXCEPT the short head of the biceps femoris.

Question 8

True or False: The biceps femoris is located medially in the posterior compartment of the thigh and inserts on the tibia.

Answer 8

False

Explanation:
This statement is false: the biceps femoris is located laterally in the posterior compartment of the thigh and both heads insert on the lateral surface of the head of the fibula. The semitendinosus and semimembranosus are located medially and insert on the tibia.

Question 9

Which of the following nerves supplies the majority of the sensory innervation of the posterior thigh?
Superior clunial nerve
Inferior clunial nerve
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Answer 9

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 10

Both the superior and inferior gluteal nerves travel through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle.

Answer 10

False

Explanation:
This statement is false: while both of these nerves trave through the greater sciatic foramen, the superior gluteal nerve travels superior to the piriformis while the inferior gluteal nerve will travel inferior to the muscle.

Question 11

Which two nerves make up the sciatic nerve?
The common fibular and tibial nerves
The tibial nerve and the nerve to obturator internus
The common fibular nerve and the nerve to quadratus femoris

Answer 11

The common fibular and tibial nerves

Question 12

The ____ nerve innervates the superior gemellus, while the _____nerve innervates the inferior gemellus.
Nerve to piriformis; superior gluteal nerve
Nerve to obturator internus; nerve to quadratus femoris
Nerve to quadratus femoris; nerve to obturator internus
Nerve to piriformis; inferior gluteal nerve

Answer 12

Nerve to obturator internus; nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 13

Injury to the superior gluteal nerve will result in weakness of which of the following hip motions?
Lateral rotation
Adduction
Abduction
Extension

Answer 13

Abduction

Question 14

True or False: The sciatic nerve can become entrapped as it travels through the greater sciatic foramen.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

True or False: The superior and inferior gluteal arteries supply the muscles of the gluteal region.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Which of the following arteries supplies the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Deep femoral artery
Femoral artery
Popliteal artery

Answer 16

Deep femoral artery

Question 17

Which of the following arteries provide a direct contribution to the formation of the anastomosis that supplies structures of the knee region? Select all that apply.
Superior gluteal artery
Genicular arteries
Anterior tibial recurrent
Deep femoral artery
Descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery

Answer 17

Genicular arteries
Anterior tibial recurrent
Descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery

Question 18

Which of the following bony landmarks of the tibia articulates with the femoral condyles forming the knee joint?
Gerdy’s tubercle
Tibial tuberosity
Tibial condyles

Answer 18

Tibial condyles

Explanation:
The tibial condyles articulate with the femoral condyles to form the knee joint. Gerdy’s tubercle is located on the anterolateral aspect of the proximal tibia and is the location of the insertion of the IT band; tibial tuberosity is the insertion point for the patella ligament (quadriceps tendon inserts here via patella ligament).

Question 19

True or False: The movements that occur at the knee joint are abduction and adduction.

Answer 19

False

Explanation:
This statement is false: the knee joint is similar to the elbow joint of the upper limb allowing one degree of freedom: flexion and extension. What differs is the direction of movement for flexion: anterior in the case of the elbow joint and posterior in the case of the knee joint.

Question 20

Which of the following muscle tendons provide support to the medial side of the knee joint? Select all that apply.
Sartorius
Iliotibial tract
Biceps femoris
Gracilis
Semitendinosus

Answer 20

Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus

Question 21

Which of the following forms a boundary of the popliteal fossa? Select all that apply.
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Lateral head of gastrocnemius
Medial head of the gastrocnemius
Sartorius

Answer 21

Biceps Femoris
Lateral Head of gastrocnemius
Medial head of the gastrocnemius

Question 22

Which of the following structures are found transitioning between the posterior compartment of the thigh to the leg via the popliteal fossa? Select all that apply.
Popliteal artery and its divisions into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Common fibular nerve and its divisions into the deep and superficial fibular nerves
Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein

Answer 22

Popliteal artery and its divisions into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Common fibular nerve and its divisions into the deep and superficial fibular nerves
Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein
(all of the above)