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Anatomy Exam 4 > Module 13 > Flashcards

Module 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following structures articulate to form the anterior part of the sacroiliac joint?
Auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium
Sacral and ischial tuberosities
Femoral head and the acetabulum of the hip bone

A

Auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium

Explanation:
The sacro-iliac joints consist of two parts: an anterior synovial articulation between the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium and a posterior syndesmosis formed between the tuberosities of the sacrum and the ilium; the articulation between the femoral head and the acetabulum of the hip forms the hip joint.

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2
Q

Which of the following ligaments convert the greater and lesser sciatic notches into foramen? Select all that apply.
Ischifemoral
Sacrospinous
Sacrotuberous
Iliofemoral
Sacro-iliac

A

Sacrospinous
Sacrotuberous

Explanation:
The sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments convert the greater and lesser sciatic notches into foramen. The ischiofemoral ligament is a ligament of the hip joint that runs superiolaterally to neck of the femur and medially to the base of the greater trochanter- may help to prevent over flexion and adduction of the hip; the sacro-iliac ligaments runs from the sacrum to the ilium (both anteriorly and posteriorly) and they help stabilize the sacroiliac joint.

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3
Q

Which of the following ligaments helps prevent excessive abduction at the hip joint?
Ischiofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Iliofemoral ligament

A

Pubofemoral ligament

Explanation:
The pubofemoral ligament originates from the pubic bone and passes laterally and inferiorly to merge with the joint capsule of the hip joint. It limits excessive abduction of the hip joint. The iliofemoral ligament runs from the AIIS and acetabulum to the intertrochanteric line. It prevents hyperextension of the hip joint during standing. Details of ischiofemoral ligament provided with previous question.

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4
Q

Which of the following muscles are muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh? Select all that apply.
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Iliopsoas
Rectus Femoris
Gracilis

A

Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Rectus Femoris

Explanation:
The muscles of the anterior compartment include: pectineus, sartorius, iliopsoas, and the quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medius and intermedius. Adductor longus and gracilis are muscles of the medial compartment.

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5
Q

True or False: The femoral nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment.

A

True

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6
Q

Which of the following muscles originates from the anterior superior iliac spine?
Sartorius
Rectus Femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis

A

Sartorius

Explanation:
Sartorius originates from the ASIS; rectus femoris from the anterior INFERIOR iliac spine; vastus lateralis originates from the greater trochanter and the lateral lip of the linea aspera, while the vastus medialis originates from the intertrochanteric line and the medial lip of the linea aspera.

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7
Q

True or False: All of the muscles of the quadriceps femoris insert on the head of the fibula.

A

False

Explanation:
This statement is false: the insertion point of the quadriceps femoris is on the base of the patella and the tibial tuberosity (via the patella ligament).

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8
Q

Which of the following muscles will flex the hip joint and extend the knee joint?
Sartorius
Rectus Femoris
Pectineus
Vastus Lateralis

A

Rectus Femoris

Explanation:
Rectus femoris will cross the hip and knee joints (as a member of the quadriceps femoris). It will flex the hip and extend the knee joint. Sartorius cross both the hip and knee joints. It will flex, abduct and externally rotate the hip joint and flex the knee joint. Pectineus only crosses the hip joint producing flexion, adduction and internal rotation; vastus lateralis is a member of the quadriceps femoris. It will only cross the knee joint producing extension of the knee joint.

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9
Q

Which of the following muscles are muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh? Select all that apply.
Gracilis
Adductor Longus
Vastus Lateralis
Sartorius
Obturator Externus

A

Gracilis
Adductor Longus
Obturator Externus

Explanation:
Gracilis, obturator externus and all of the adductor muscles (longus, brevis and magnus) are muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh. The sartorius and all of the vasti muscles (lateralis, medius, and intermedius) are muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh.

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10
Q

Which of the following muscles receives innervation from both the obturator and tibial nerves?
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Obturator externus

A

Adductor Magnus

Explanation:
All of the muscles of the medial compartment are innervated by the obturator nerve; only adductor magnus receives dual innervation by the obturator (adductor part of the muscle) and tibial (hamstring part of the muscle) nerves.

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11
Q

Which of the following muscles has an origin point from the body of the pubis? Select all that apply.
Gracilis
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Obturator externus

A

Gracilis
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis

Explanation:
Gracilis, adductor longus, and adductor brevis all have an origin point from the body of the pubis; gracilis and adductor brevis will also originate from the inferior ramus of the pubic bone; obturator externus originates from the margins of the obturator foramen and the external surface of the obturator membrane.

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12
Q

Which muscle will produce an action at both the hip and knee joints?
Adductor magnus
Obturator externus
Adductor longus
Gracilis

A

Gracilis

Explanation:
Gracilis has an action at both the hip and knee joints. It will produce adduction of the hip and flexion of the knee joint. All of the adductor muscles will produce adduction of the hip joint. Adductor magnus can also produce flexion (adductor part of the muscle) and extension (hamstring part of the muscle), while obturator externus will produce external (lateral) rotation.

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13
Q

Which of the following muscles insert on the superior part of the tibia via the pes anserinus? Select all that apply.
Adductor magnus
Sartorius
Obturator externus
Gracilis
Adductor Longus

A

Sartorius
Gracilis

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14
Q
A
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15
Q
A
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16
Q
A
17
Q

Which of the following structures are considered borders of the femoral triangle? Select all that apply.

adductor magnus
Inguinal ligament
sartorius
adductor longus

A

Inguinal ligament
sartorius
adductor longus

Explanation: The superior border (base of the triangle) is formed by sartorius forms the lateral border and adductor longus forms the medial border. Adductor magnus forms the posterior border of the adductor canal.

18
Q

The femoral nerve, artery, and vein transition from the pelvic region to the anterior compartment of the thigh via the femoral triangle.

A

True

This statement is true: the femoral triangle transmits these important neurovascular structures from the pelvic region to the thigh region.

19
Q

True or False: The adductor canal transmits the femoral artery and nerve to the popliteal fossa.

A

False

This statement is false the adductor canal transmits the femoral artery and VEIN (not nerve) to the popliteal fossa.

20
Q

The femoral nerve will supply motor innervation to the anterior compartment of the thigh and the skin over the anterior aspect of the thigh.

A

True

This statement is true: the femoral nerve will provided motor innervation to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh and through its cutaneous branch (anterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh) it will supply the skin of the anterior thigh. The femoral nerve will then give rise to the saphenous nerve which supplies the skin of the medial portion of the lower leg and the foot.

21
Q

The femoral artery supplies the medial compartment of the thigh and the head of the femur with blood.

A

False

This statement is false. The blood supply to the medial compartment of the thigh and femoral head comes from the obturator artery. The femoral artery supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh and the hip joint

22
Q

Which of the following structures are considered borders of the femoral triangle? Select all that apply.
Adductor magnus
Inguinal Ligament
Sartorius
Adductor Longus

A

Inguinal Ligament
Sartorius
Adductor Longus
Explanation:
The superior border (base of the triangle) is formed by sartorius–> the lateral border and adductor longus forms the medial border. Adductor magnus forms the posterior border of the adductor canal.

23
Q

True or False: The femoral nerve, artery and vein transition from the pelvic region to the anterior compartment of the thigh via the femoral triangle.

A

True

24
Q

True or False: The adductor canal transmits the femoral artery and nerve to the popliteal fossa.

A

False
Explanation
This statement is false: the adductor canal transmits the femoral artery and VEIN (not nerve) to the popliteal fossa.

25
Q

True or False: The femoral nerve will supply motor innervation to the anterior compartment of the thigh and the skin over the anterior aspect of the thigh.

A

True
Explanation:
This statement is true: the femoral nerve will provide motor innervation to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh and through its cutaneous branch (anterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh) it will supply the skin of the anterior thigh. The femoral nerve will then give rise to the saphenous nerve which supplies the skin of the medial portion of the lower leg and foot.

26
Q

True or False: The femoral artery supplies the medial compartment of the thigh and the head of the femur with blood.

A

False
Explanation:
This statement is false. The blood supply to the medial compartment of the thigh and femoral head comes from the obturator artery. The femoral artery supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh and the hip joint.

Anatomy Exam 4 (7 decks)

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