Module 14

Question 1

How were the function graphs of sleep need calculated?

Answer 1

The number and amplitude of EEG slow waves that occurred during NREMS after different durations of prior wakefulness

Question 2

The expression of slow waves is almost entirely determined by _____

Answer 2

How long a person was asleep prior to sleep onset

Question 3

What is a potential explanation for the paradox regarding humans feeling less sleepy in the evening?

Answer 3

The circadian rhythm ensures we stay awake during the day and sleep only at night

Question 4

What do process “S” represent?

Answer 4

A homeostatically regulated, sleep-wake dependent factor that builds during waking and is dissipated during sleep

Question 5

Tests of cognitive performance are meant to assess ______

Answer 5

Attention, executive function, and memory

Question 6

What is the most common test for attention and how does it work?

Answer 6

• Psychomotor Vigilance Test

- Subjects must look at a blank computer screen and press a button when a stimulus appears, for 5-10 minutes

Question 7

In the PVT, impaired attention is indicated by _____, primarily due to _____

Answer 7

• slower reaction times

- attentional lapses when subjects fail to respond to a stimulus

Question 8

When assessments are limited to normal waking hours, performance is better ______, peaking at ______

Answer 8

• during the second half of the day

- peak of body temperature

Question 9

What is sleep inertia?

Answer 9

The period of time after waking when cognitive performance is poor

Question 10

What can we conclude from forced desynchrony studies?

Answer 10

Both circadian rhythms and time spent awake affect cognitive performance, although circadian rhythms have a stronger effect with wake periods up to 18 hours

Question 11

Social jetlag is worse in ____ types, meaning this type has a _____ correlation with academic performance

Answer 11

• evening

- negative

Question 12

Why do evening types perform worse?

Answer 12

• May still be in subjective night/earlier in subjective day for morning classes
• sleep restriction impairs attention

Question 13

During adolescence, the circadian clock becomes _____, and then becomes _____ in the early 20’s

Answer 13

• Increasingly phase delayed

- gradually earlier

Question 14

Males are ____ delayed than females, until _____ when it becomes _____

Answer 14

• more
• menopause
• equal

Question 15

What affects performance more- chronotype or reduced sleep?

Answer 15

Chronotype