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TCEP Review > Module 1.3: Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Module 1.3: Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What causes denatured alcohol to be unfit for use in intoxicating beverages?

A

Methanol

Example sentence: This causes the Denatured alcohol unfit for use in intoxicating beverage.

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2
Q

It exhibits ability to bond successfully to other carbon atoms to form chains and rings of varying sizes

A

Catenation

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3
Q

It exhibits mixing of two or more non equivalent atomic orbitals to form new set of equivalent orbital

A

Hybridization

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4
Q

What are the importance of carbon

A

Si carbon maabilidad ang form, flexible pa ang backbone
-Ability to form bonds with other elements including itself
-Gives flexibility to the farm and function of biomolecules can take
-it is the backbone of life on earth

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5
Q

What are the importance of organic chemistry

A

For synthesizing medicinal agents
Foundational to biotechnology and bio chemistry
Food technology
For better molecule which can be twist the structure
Survivables like diamonds petroleum

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6
Q

Mnemonics: Si carbon maabilidad ang form, flexible pa ang backbone

A

Importance of carbon
- Ability to form bonds with other elements including itself
-Gives flexibility to the farm and function of biomolecules can take
-it is the backbone of life on earth

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7
Q

Two types of organic compounds

A

Hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon derivatives

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8
Q

What are the components of hydrocarbon

A

Aliphatic automatically cyclic and cationic

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9
Q

What are the components of hydrocarbon

A

Aliphatic automatically cyclic and cationic
HNOS
Hydrogen containing
Nitrogen containing
Oxygen containing
Sulfur containing

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10
Q

All bonds , etters including single bonds

A

Expanded or kekule

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11
Q

All letters are drawn except single bonds but double bonds and triple bonds are shown

A

Condensed formula

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12
Q

The whole chemical formula is drawn using points and lines but other atom as substituent are still drawn as

A

Skeletal formula

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13
Q

What are the types of structural formulas

A

Expanded/ Kekule
Condensed formula
Skeletal formula

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14
Q

What are the types of structural formulas

A

Expanded/ Kekule
Condensed formula
Skeletal formula

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15
Q

What are the three types of naming organic nomenclature

A

Systemic or iupac or international union of pure and applied chemist ry
Trivial
Semi systemic

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16
Q

What are the three types of naming organic nomenclature

A

Systemic or iupac or international union of pure and applied chemist ry
Trivial
Semi systemic

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17
Q

Based on naming rules____
Nickname based on tradition or familiarization of people ___
Combine trivial and systematic__

A

Systematic or iupac
Trivial
Semi- systematic

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18
Q

Give example each
Systematic or iupac
Trivial
Say my systematic

A

Ethanoic acid
Vinegar
Acetic acid

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19
Q

Does not form a either linear or branch

A

Open chain

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20
Q

Does not form a either linear or branch

A

Open chain

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21
Q

Forms a ring

A

Cyclic

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22
Q

Forms a ring

A

Cyclic

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23
Q

Contains only single bond

A

Saturated

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24
Q

Has one or more double or triple bond

A

Unsaturated

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25
Q

Substituent inside an open chain

A

Internal

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26
Q

Substituent inside an open chain

A

Internal

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27
Q

Subsituent at the end of the open chain

A

Terminal

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28
Q

Carbon directly attached to the functional group

A

Alpha carbon

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29
Q

Carbon holding a double bond

A

Vinylic or olefenic

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30
Q

Alkyl group with a carbonyl group

A

Acyl group

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31
Q

Describe rings

A

Based on the number of ring members
Based on the number of rings

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32
Q

Example of based on the number of members

A

Homocyclic- all ring members are the same
Heterocyclic-ring members are not the same

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33
Q

Example of based on the number of rings

A

Bicyclic
Tricyclic

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34
Q

Differentiating sigma and pi bond

A

Sigma
-First bond formed
- headways overlapse or collision
-stronger
S/sp orbitals

Pi bond
-bond formed after sigma
-sideways overlap or collision
- weaker
-P orbitals only

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35
Q

Electron configuration how much does s, p, d holds

A

S- 2
P- 6
D- 10

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36
Q

What are the requirements for binding

A

-It needs 2 electron
-Each atom must have an unpaired orbitals

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37
Q

Sp3 hybridization
Angle:

A

Tetrahedral 109.5degrees

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38
Q

S+ p+p+p

A

Sp3 hybridization

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39
Q

How can you seperate a SP2 hybridization among others

A

Presence of the double bond

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40
Q

Two hybridized and to unhybridized

A

Sp hybridization

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41
Q

S+p

A

Sp hybridization

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42
Q

4 hybridized 4 unhybridized

A

Sp3 hybridization

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43
Q

Three hybridized one and hybridized

A

Sp2 hybridization

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44
Q

Bond angle of a sp2 hybridization

A

120°

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45
Q

Sp hybridization bond angle

A

180°

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46
Q

Geometrical shape of sp2

A

Trigonal or planar

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47
Q

Geometric shape of sp hybridization

A

Linear

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48
Q

How can you determine the hybridization of sp3 sp2 and sp

A

Sp3 single bond
Sp2 double bond
Sp triple bond

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49
Q

What are the intermolecular forces

A

Van der waals
Ion dipole
Ion induced dipole
Hydrogen bonds

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50
Q

It is the weakest intermolecular forces

A

Van der waals
S- Keesom
Debye
W- London

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51
Q

Polar molecules attracted to either positive or negative charges

A

Ion dipole

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52
Q

The forces of attraction included by adults of proximity of a charged ion into a nonpolar molecule

A

Ion induced dipole

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53
Q

Attraction of hydrogen for a strongly electronegative ion

A

Hydrogen bonds

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54
Q

Which is stronger intramolecular or intermolecular

A

Intramolecular

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55
Q

Intramolecular composition based on strongest

A
  1. Ionic
  2. Covalent
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56
Q
A
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57
Q

KODD

A

Keesom
Orientation effect
Dipole -
Dipole

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58
Q

DIP DID

A

Debye
Induction effect
Polarization
Dipole
Induced dipole

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59
Q

L DIDID

A

London
Dispersion
Induced dipole
Induced dipole

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60
Q

Dipole means

A

Polar

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61
Q

Factors affecting intermolecular forces

A

Type of intermolecular forces (strength)
Number of carbons
branching

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62
Q

BaTaNa si IMF

A

Factors affecting intermolecular forces

Type of intermolecular forces (strength)
Number of carbons
branching

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63
Q

What is the effect of water solubility on the number of carbons

A

Increase in the number of carbon
= increase Tb= Increase Tm= Increase IMF=Decreases the effect of water solubility

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64
Q

What is the effect of water solubility on the branching of compounds

A

Inc branching= dec IMF = dec Tm and Tb=inc water solubility

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65
Q

More branching inc ___

A

Space for water does more polar and water soluble

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66
Q

Which is more soluble carbonyl group or alcohol group

A

Alcohol group because of the presence of hydrogen

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67
Q

VSEPR

A

Valence shell electron
pair
repulsion

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68
Q

What are the types of strain

A

Ring/ angle
Torsional
Stearic effect

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69
Q

Testing of angles due to rain closures

A

Ring or angle

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70
Q

Closing of angles between parallel bonds

A

torsional

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71
Q

Competition for space due to bulky groups; pushing bonds away from expected angle

A

Stearic effect

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72
Q

What happens to stability when the strain increases

A

Decreases stability

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73
Q

Torsional is either staggered or eclipse which of the two is more stable

A

Staggered

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74
Q

It describes the polarity produced in a molecule because of the interaction between a pie bond and a lone pair.

A

Resonance

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75
Q

What is the goal of resonance

A

To make the structure more stable

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76
Q

Re pir, lonely

A

Resonance interaction between pi bond and lone pair

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77
Q

Alternating single and double bonds

A

Conjugated substance

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78
Q

Electron pulls due to the difference in electronegativity

A

Inductive effects

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79
Q

___ alkyl group amide possesses lone pair

A

Electron donating group

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80
Q

Electron donating group___ stability

A

Increases

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81
Q

Electron donating group makes the structure more__

A

Basic

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82
Q

Electronegative atoms like halogens and oxygen

A

Electron withdrawing group

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83
Q

Electron withdrawing group ___ stability

A

Decreases

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84
Q

Electron withdrawing group Makes the structure more

A

Acidic

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85
Q

Cooh groups in inductive effects

A

Resonance

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86
Q

Resonance ___ stability

A

Increases, can let go of protons better

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87
Q

Resonance makes the structure more

A

Acidic

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88
Q

What happens to the stability when the number of carbon increases

A

Increase in number of carbon also increases the stability

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89
Q

What are the aliphatic hydrocarbons

A

Alkane
alkane
alkyne

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90
Q

Other term for alkane alkene alkyne

A

Alkane -paraffin
alkane -olefin
alkyne- acetylene

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91
Q

General chemical formula for alkane

A

CnH2n + 2

92
Q

General chemical formula for alkene

A

CnH2n

93
Q

General chemical formula of alkyne

A

CnHn

94
Q

It is also known as alicyclic

A

Carbocyclic

95
Q

Change that form a ring that behaves like aliphatic

A

Carbocyclic/
Alicyclic

96
Q

Requirements to be considered as aromatic hydrocarbon

A

cyclic or planar
Conjugation
Follows the huckles rule 4n+2= pi electron

97
Q

Huckles rule

A

4n+2= pi electron, where n should be a whole number

98
Q

Classification of alcohols

A

Based on the number of r bonded to carbon bearing -OH

Based on the number of OH groups

99
Q

What are their types
Based on the number of r bonded to carbon bearing -OH

Based on the number of OH groups

A

Based on the number of r bonded to carbon bearing -OH
. Primary
. Secondary
. Tertiary

Based on the number of OH groups
.R-Monohydric
. Dihydric
. Polyhydric

100
Q

R- OH

A

Alcohol

101
Q

Nag zinc in Cla Lucas, nag Hi Cla miscerable kan?

A

Lucas test
Reagent: zinc chloride
Reactant: hydrochloride
Positive results:
Two immiscible layers 3> 2
1 no reaction

102
Q

OC MR ParaHBen

A

Ortho catechol

Meta- Resorcinol

Para- hydroquinone and benzoquinone

103
Q

R-OH

A

Alcohol

104
Q

R-OR

A

Ether

105
Q

Ether is classified into

A

Open chain
Cyclic

106
Q

Types of Open chain in ether

A

Symmetrical
Mixed

107
Q

Cyclic in ether : types are

A

Epoxide/ Oxacyclopropane/ Oxirane
More than 3 members included in the ring system

108
Q

Gemfibrosil use

A

Lowers TG

109
Q

R- NH2

A

Amine

110
Q

Organic compounds derived fim ammonia

A

Amine

111
Q

It is the most basic amine

A

Secondary amine

112
Q

Test for amine

A

Hinsberg test

113
Q

Hindi 2 aamine

A

Hinsberg test for amine. 2ary amine is the most basic

114
Q

What are the catecholamine?

A

Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine

114
Q

Hindi 2 aamine kay BSC

A

Hinsberg test for amine. 2ary amine is the most basic.
Reagent: benzenesulfonyl Chloride

115
Q

C= O

A

Carbonyl group

116
Q

R= OH

A

Aldehyde

117
Q

Aldehyde is oxidized to form __
Reduced to form__

A

Carboxylic acid
Primary alcohol

118
Q

Identification test of aldehyde

A

Jone’s oxidation test
Tollen’s test
Fehling’s test
Brady’s test

119
Q

Alden, Feeling body Builder Joke To

A

Aldehyde tests

Fehling’s test
Brady’s test
Jone’s oxidation test
Tollen’s test

120
Q

Also known as knock out drops

A

Chloral hydrate

121
Q

Keton is reduced to form __

A

2ary alcohol

122
Q

na Ketong Idin uncle Boy

A

Ketone Tests
Brady’s test
Iodoform Test

123
Q
A
124
Q

Simplest ketone

A

Propan - 2 - one or 2 propanone

125
Q

Aldehyde: tollen’s test
reagent and
positive result

A

Ammoniacal Siver nitrate
Gray

126
Q

Aldehyde: Fehling’s test reagent and positive result

A

Cupric sulfate and
Sodium Potassium tartrate/. Sodium tartrate
Red

127
Q

Aldehyde and ketone:
Brady’s
test reagent and positive result

A

2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazine
Red

128
Q

Methyl ketoses ONLY: Iodoform test reagent and positive result

A

Alkaline Iodine Solution
Yellow

129
Q

C=OOH

A

Carboxyl groups

130
Q

Kinds of Acids

A

Monicarboxylic acids
Dicarboxylic acids

131
Q

Saturated FA, one Carboxylic acid

A

Monicarboxylic

132
Q

Saturated FA, two Carboxylic acid

A

Dicarboxylic acid

133
Q

Oh My Such Good Apple Pie, Sweet as Sugar

A

Example of Dicarboxylic

134
Q

Oh My Such Good Apple Pie, Sweet as Sugar meaning

A

Oxalic acid-2 carbon, 2 COOH
Malonic acid-3
Succinic acid4
Glutaric acid5
Adipic acid6
Pinelic acid 7
Suberic acid8
Azelaic acid9
Sebabic acid10

135
Q

Aldehyde: Jone’s oxidation test reagent and positive result

A

Chromic acid in sulfuric acid
Green

136
Q

Monocarboxylic: prefix
12C-
14C
16C
18C
20C

A

Lauric
Mystic
Palmitic
Stearic
Arachidic

137
Q

LaMig Pa Sa Australia

A

Monocarboxylic: prefix
Lauric
Mystic
Palmitic
Stearic
Arachidic

138
Q

RC=OOC=OR

A

Anhydride

139
Q

RC=OOR

A

Ether

140
Q

RC=OX

A

Acyl halide/ ex. Alkanoyl halide

141
Q

RC=ONH2

A

Alkanamide/ amide

142
Q

C triple bond N

A

Nitrile

143
Q

Compounds with identical chemical formula but different in properties and arrangement of atoms in the molecule

A

Isomers

144
Q

Types of Isomers

A

Constitutional isomers and stereoisomers

145
Q

What are the three types of constitutional isomers

A

Skeletal
Positional
Functional

146
Q

What are the two types of stereoisomers

A

Configurational isomers
Confirmational isomers

147
Q

Two types of configurational isomer

A

Optical and geometry

148
Q

Two types of optical isomer

A

Enantiomer and diastereomers

149
Q

Types of geometric isomers

A

Cis or trans
Z/E

150
Q

What are the unique difference of stereoisomers and constitutional isomers

A

*stereoisomers- with connectivit
*constitutional isomers- without connectivity

151
Q

DIFFERENT IN DEGREE OF BRANCHING OR PARENT CHAIN LENGTH

A

Skeletal or structural isomers

152
Q

Different placement or local of the functional group

A

Positional isomer

153
Q

Different in functional group itself

A

Functional isomer

154
Q

Mirror image

A

Enantiomer

155
Q

the rotation of the chiral compound is opposite of the other

A

Enantiomer

156
Q

Example of enantiomer

A

D and L glyceraldehyde

D and L alanine

157
Q

What are the requirements for a carbon to be chiral

A

4 substituent
The four substitution must be different from each other

158
Q

A substituent with a higher atomic number will receive greater priority than a substituent with a lower atomic number

A

Cahn- Ingold- Prelog rule

159
Q

Counterclockwise and clockwise configuration

A

R configuration- clockwise
S-configuration- counterclockwise

160
Q

Not mirror image

A

Diastereomers

161
Q

Not all chiral carbons rotate in opposite direction compounds with more than one chiral carbon

A

Diastereomers

162
Q

Compounds having two adjacent carbons with subsequents which happens when there is a double bond or when the compound is cyclic

A

Geometric isomers

163
Q

Cis Trans

A

Cis- same side
Trans- opposite side

164
Q

Cis
*Polarity
* Solubility
* Boiling point
* Melting point

A

*Polarity increases
* Solubility increases
* Boiling
point increases

  • Melting point decreases
165
Q

Trans
*Polarity
* Solubility
* Boiling point
* Melting point

A

*Polarity decreases
* Solubility decreases
* Boiling point decreases
* Melting point increases

166
Q

Which of which more stable and more steering effect cis or trans

A

Cis- stearic effect
Trans- more stability

167
Q

Z and E means

A

Zusamen - same side
Entgen- opposite side

168
Q

Stereo are summers of the same compound with temporary differences in bond rotation

A

Confirmational isomers

169
Q

What is the most stable form of cyclohexane

A

Chair confiormation

170
Q

Neutrophile versus electrophiles

A

Neutrophile
Nu-
Electron reach
Proton loving
Nucleus loving
(- )charged
Ex: alkyl, nitrogen, sulfur

Electrophiles
E+
Electron poor
Positively charged
Electron loving
Ex: X, O, H

171
Q

Free radical substitution of alkanes

A

Initiation
propagation
termination

172
Q

Free I Pan Ta

A

Free radical substitution of alkanes
Initiation
propagation
termination

173
Q

What sign you can see if there is complete combustion and incomplete combustion

A

Incomplete combustion is the presence of CO
Complete combustion- CO2

174
Q

Most of the time in complete combustion is

A

Alkane

175
Q

Markovnicov’s rule

A

Major product: More stable

176
Q

What is the product of hydration in electrophilic addition of alkenes

A

Alcohol

177
Q

Metabolism process in electrophilic addition of alkenes

A

Hydrogenation
Halogenation
Hydrohalogenation
Markovnicov’s rule
Hydration

178
Q

For hydrogenation of alkynes a ___ is required to limit it to an alkene while __ alkane

A

Alkene - lindlar catalyst

Alkyne- palladium

179
Q

Metabolism process in electrophilic addition of alkynes

A

Hydrogenation
Hydration

180
Q

It is also known as ketone formation

A

Keto-enol tautomerization

181
Q

If it is electrophilic substitution there is always a

A

Leaving group

182
Q

What is the product of halogenation in electrophilic substitution of aromatic compounds

A

Halogenated benzene or halobenzene

183
Q

What is the product of nitration in electrophilic substitution of aromatic compounds

A

Nitrated benzene or nitrobenzene

184
Q

What is the product of Friedel-Craft Alkylation in electrophilic substitution of compounds
if CH3Cl is added

A

Alkylated benzene/ Alkyl benzene

185
Q

What is the product of Friedel-Craft Alkylation in electrophilic substitution of compounds
if CH3C=OCl is added

A

Ketone

186
Q

What is the product of Sulfonation in electrophilic substitution of

A

Benzene Sulfonic a.

187
Q

Product of Nucleophilic ( alkoxide )substitution of alkyl halides

A

Ether

188
Q

Product of Nucleophilic ( alcohol )substitution of alkyl halides

A

Alcohol

189
Q
A
190
Q
A
191
Q
A
192
Q
A
193
Q
A
194
Q
A
195
Q

product of Hydration of alkene

A

Alcohol

196
Q

Product of Dehydration of alcohol

A

Alkene

197
Q

Aldehyde+ primary amine =

A

Imine

198
Q

Ketone + secondary amine =

A

Enamine

199
Q

Oxidation process of alkane

A

Alkane –> alcohol –> carbonyl –> Carboboxylic acid

200
Q

Reduction process of Carboxylic

A

Alkane <– alcohol <–carbonyl <– Carboboxylic acid

201
Q

Difference between oxidation and reduction in terms of
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Bonds

A

Oxidation
Oxygen+
Hydrogen -
Bonds increases

Reduction
Oxygen -
Hydrogen +
Bonds decreases

202
Q

Mild oxidizing agent

A

PCC or pyridinium chlorochromate
Periodinane

203
Q

Strong oxidizing agent

A

Chromic acid H2CrO4
Potassium permanganate KMnO4

204
Q

Strong reducing agent

A

Lithium aluminum Hydride

205
Q

Mild reducing agent

A

Sodium borohydride NaBH4

206
Q

Reactivity and the symbol of alkane

A

Free radical substitution
SR

207
Q

Reactivity and the symbol of alkenes and alkynes

A

Electrophilic addition
AE

208
Q

Reactivity and the symbol of aromatics

A

Electrophilic substitution
SE

209
Q

Reactivity and the symbol of alcohols and alkyl halide

A

Nucleophilic substitution
SN

210
Q

Reactivity and the symbol of carbonyl compounds

A

Nucleophilic addition
AN

211
Q

Reactivity and the symbol of carboxylic acid and its derivatives

A

Necrophilic acid substitution
SN acyl

212
Q

Reactivity and the symbol of oxygen containing compounds

A

Redox loop

213
Q

Bro si Bae alkene lang

A

Bromine and Baeyer is test for alkenes

214
Q

Brominne test for alkene
Reagent;
Results

A

Carbon tetrachloride CCl4
Disappearance of orange

215
Q

Baeyer
test for
alkene
Reagent;
Results

A

Potassium permanganate
Disappearance of violet + brown precipitate

216
Q

Xanthoproteic test for aromatics
Reagent;
Results

A

Nitric acid
Yellow

216
Q

What is the flame color of bellstein test for halogenated compounds

A

Green

217
Q

Nitrogen containing compounds test
Test
Reagent
Results

A

Test: hinsberg test
Reagent: benzenesulfonyl Chloride
Results:
Primary amine- clear solution
Secondary amine- white precipitate
Tertiary amine- no reaction

218
Q

Ferric chloride is a test for
Reagent Result

A

Phenols
FeCl3/ ferric chloride
Blue or purple

219
Q

Jones oxidation is a test for
Reagent Result

A

All
Chromic acid in sulfuric acid or jones reagent
Green

220
Q

Tollen’s is a test for
Reagent Result

A

All
Ammonium silver nitrate
Silver mirror

221
Q

Fehling’s is a test for
Reagent Result

A

All
Fehling’s A: cupric sulfate
Fehling’s B: sodium potassium tartrate
Red precipitate

222
Q

Brady’s is a test for
Reagent
Result

A

Carbonyl compounds
2 4 dinitrophenylhydrazine
Red precipitate

223
Q

Iodoform is a test for
Reagent
Result

A

Methylketone
Alkaline iodine solution
Pale yellow precipitate

TCEP Review (6 decks)

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