Module 1.2: Inorganic Chemistry Flashcards
Lecture by Nhemia Dolojo, RPh
1
Q
- it is the study of all elements under periodic table and its compound
A
Inorganic chemistry
2
Q
- Describes the characteristics of substances obtained from non-living matter and minerals.
A
Inorganic chemistry
3
Q
differentiate of organic and inorganic
Composition
A
C, H, O
All except carbon
4
Q
differentiate of organic and inorganic
Bonding
A
Covalent
Ionic
5
Q
differentiate of organic and inorganic:
Physical caharacteristics
A
Organic : Volatility : Volatile
Conduct heat and electricity Bad conductors
Inorganic:
Non- volatile
Good conductor
6
Q
differentiate of organic and inorganic:
Melting point and boiling point
A
Low b/c volatile
High, bc non volatile
7
Q
differentiate of organic and inorganic:
Sollubility
A
- Insoluble in water
- Highly soluble in organic solvents (Alcohol, ether, oil, benzene)
- Soluble in water
- Insoluble in organic compounds
8
Q
differentiate of organic and inorganic:
Color
A
Colorless
Colorfull
9
Q
Which of the following is used to prevent tooth decay?
A.Acetates C. Bromides
B.Citrates D. Fluorides
A
Flourides
10
Q
Group 1A
A
Alkaline Metals
11
Q
Groups IIA
A
Alkali Earth metals
11
Q
Group IIIA
A
Boron Group
12
Q
Group IVA
A
Carbon Group
13
Q
GroupVA
A
Nitrogen Group
14
Q
Group VIA
A
Oxygen group
15
Q
Group VIIA
A
Halogens
15
Q
Group 0 or
A
Group VIIIA
16
Q
Group IB
A
Coinage Metals
17
Q
Group IIB
A
Volatile Metals
18
Q
Group IIIB
A
Scandium subgroup
19
Q
Group IVB
A
Titanium subroup
20
Q
Group VB
A
Vanadium subroup
21
Q
Group VIB
A
Chromium subgroup
22
Q
Group VIIB
A
Manganese subgroup
23
Group VIIIB
Iron Triad (1st triad, Light Triad, Heavy Triad
24
Group 0 or Group VIIIA
Noble gases/ inert gases/ Stable
24
◼ Most reactive of all the metallic elements
Hydrogen
24
Most abundant element in the universe
Hydrogen
25
Hydrogen is differentiated by using
using HCl acid
26
Hydroxides give ___- sol’ns
alkaline
27
◼ Lightest and MOST ABUNDANT element in the Universe
Hydrogen
2nd is Helium
28
Hydrigen is ◼ Discovered by: _____
Henry Cavendish
29
What are the preparation of Hydrogen
Messerchmidt Process
Lane Process
Electrolysis
30
Messerchmidt Process
Lane Process
Electrolysis
Messerchmidt Process- Produces 99.9% H2 = Blue water gas
◼Lane Process- Produces H2 from redox of Iron
◼Electrolysis- from water
31
What are the 3 isotopes of Hydrogen
Protium
Deuterium
Tritium
32
Most abundant isotope
- most common
- most stable
Protium
33
Heavy isotope of hydrogen
- D20, meaning Heavy water
Deuterium
34
Radioisotope
- heaviest isotope of hydrogen
Deuterium
35
What are the industrial uses of Hydrogen
Haber process- produces Ammonia
Hydrogen oil - Margarine
Inflating balloon - no longer use
35
It is also known as Hydrogen
Inflatable air
36
It is also known as water
UNiversal solvent
37
it iss an organism found in water
coliform organism
37
If atomic number increases; it also increases the
Activity
alkalinity
Degree of solvation
38
Possible role of hydrogen
◼ Solvent
◼ ligand
◼ acid/base
◼ oxidizing agent
39
Hydrogen :
Classification based on parameters and its two types
Suitability for drinking
◼ Non Potable
◼ Potable- fit for drinking
40
Hydrogen
◼ Classification parameter: Hardness
soft water
hard water
41
- water with minimal or no dissolved inorganic ions
Soft water
42
- high amount of Ca and Mg ions
Hard water
43
◼Hard water - high amount of ___
Ca and Mg ions
44
◼Contains mainly dissolved calcium and magnesium bicarbonate:____
temporary Hard Water
45
◼Contains mainly dissolved ____ and ____ Temporary hard water
calcium and magnesium bicarbonate:
46
Water softening method for temporary Hard water
Boiling water
◼Lime (Ca (OH)2)
47
Contains mainly dissolved calcium and magnesium sulfate and chloride in water :____
Permanent Hard water
48
Contains mainly dissolved ____, ___, and ___ in water :Permanent Hard water
calcium and magnesium sulfate and chloride
48
Water softening method: permanent hard water
___
◼Ion exchange resin method
49
water associated when crystals precipitate from aqueous solution
Water for crystalization
50
water associated with cations and/or anions of a salt in solution or crystal
Water for hydrations
51
physically held water
Zeolitic Water
51
water coordinated in a cationic complex or held in a definite lattice structure of the crystals
Lattice water
52
contain appreciable quantities of Na2SO4, MgSO4 and NaHCO3
Alkaline Water
53
- contains CO2 under pressure and usually effervesce on coming to the surface
Carbonated water
53
- contain calcium and magnesium carbonates in solution as bicarbonate
Carbonated water
53
- can be natural or artificial
Carbonated water
54
- Contains iron in solution or in suspension
Chalybate water
55
- Characterized by its ferruginous taste
Chalybate water
56
- Forms ferric hydroxide or ferric oxide upon exposure to air
Chalybate water
57
- contain appreciable quantities of lithium, either ascarbonate or chloride
Lithia water
58
Contain relatively high amounts of MgSO4, Na2SO4 and NaCl
Saline Water/ Purgative Water
59
Contains dissolved H2S and deposit S upon exposure to the atmosphere
Sulfur Water
60
Water that contain soluble alkali silicates
Siliceous Water
61
Contains Barium Hydroxide salt
Barita Water
62
◼ Most widely used
and Not used in parenterals
Purified water
63
◼ Solvent for parenteral products
◼ Pyrogen free
◼ Large scale
◼Water for injection
64
◼ Extemporaneous compounding small scale compounding
◼Sterile water for injection
64
◼ SWFI + 1 or more antimicrobial agent
◼Bacteriostatic Water for Injection
65
◼ANtimicrobial agent: Benzyl acohol but it is not suitable for babies, so it is used by the mother for the benefit of the baby.
◼Bacteriostatic Water for Injection
65
Benzyl alcohol is not suitable for babies so given to the mother because it can cause
Gasping syndrome
66
It is the best expectorant for water
Pure steam
67
◼ Oxygenated acid
◼ oxygenated water
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
67
◼ Agua oxigenada
◼ agua oxenada
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
68
Commercial availability of Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
◼10% vol sol= 3% H2O2 per 100 mL water or 3% w/v
◼20% vol sol = 6% w/v
69
Hydrogen peroxide is use for the tx of
Vincent Stomatitis
70
Cosmetics use of Hydrogen peroxide
Bleaching agent
71
S/E of Hydrogen peroxide
Black hairy tongue
72
◼Hydrogen peroxide Topical solution, USP
Stabilized aqueous solution:_____
available as ____
Stabilizer:____
◼Hydrogen peroxide Topical solution, USP
Stabilized aqueous solution:3 %w/v available as 10-volume solution
Stabilizer: acetinide 0.03%
73
Lithos means
earth
74
Lithium is the ligthest
Metal
75
Highly reactive
Lithium
75
Lithium
◼ Discovered by:
Arfendson
75
Lithium storage
◼ Storage: under coated with petrolatum, b/c highest reactive
75
Bridge element of Lithium
Mg
76
Flame color: LLITHIUM
◼ Non-luminous: ____
◼ Cobalt Glass: ___
carmine red
Purple
76
uSE OF lITHIUM
diuretic
mood stabilizer
sodium antagonist
DoC of Mania
77
S/E:Lithium
Diuretic _____
Mood stabilizer_____
◼ Diuretic
◼ S/E: Hypoglycemia
: Hyponatremia
◼ Mood stabilizer: antidepressants
◼ S/E: sedation
78
C/I : Lithium
pregnant
79
: Lithium C/I to pregnant because it can cause
causes: ebstain anomaly, a baby disorder. It has a very narrow therapeutic index.
80
Lightest element in the universe
Hydrogen
81
Increase Na =____-
Decrease Na =_____
decrese Li effect
increase Li effect (toxicity)
82
type of Lithium
◼ Reducing Agent
Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4)
83
Lithium bromide
(LiBr) is used as (Old use)
◼Use: Depressant (old)
84
Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3 )
◼ Capsule:____
◼ Tablet ____
◼Extended release- tablet____
◼ Capsule: Eskalith
◼ Tablet Lithase
◼Extended release- tablet: Quilonome-R
85
Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3 Use:
◼Prophylaxis and treatment of___
◼ Prophylaxis and treatment of: Bipolar disorder
86
◼ Last line therapy for mania:
Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3
86
Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3: ADR: _____
◼ Polyuria: increase in urination
87
Lithium chloride ( LiCl
uses
◼ ppt: RNA cellular extracts
◼ Lithia water = Mineral water + LiCl + Li2CO3 (Li carbonate)
88
Its use is Manufacture ceramics
Lithium fluoride ( LiF )
89
lithium that Absorbs Carbon dioxide
Lithium hydroxide (LiOH)
89
◼ Use: alternative for space flight
Lithium hydroxide (LiOH)
89
Lithium oxide (Li2O ) is also known as
lithia
89
◼ Use: flux in ceramic glazes
Lithium oxide (Li2O )
90
Lithium stearate (LiC18H35O2)
◼ Lithalure
◼ Litholite
◼ Stavino
91
Lithium stearate (LiC18H35O2)
Uses:
◼ Lubricant -
◼ Cosmetics
◼ Plastics
powder metallurgy
92
Uses:
◼ Lubricant - powder metallurgy
◼ Cosmetics
◼ Plastics
Lithium stearate (LiC18H35O2)
93
What type of water contains mainly dissolved bicarbonate ?
A. Soft water C. Temporary water
B. Hard water D. Permanent water
Temporary water
94
◼6th Most abundant element in Earth’s Crust
Sodium
94
◼ Most ABUNDANT EExtracellular cation
Sodium
95
Na+ is the Cation of choice for ___
organic medical
96
Na+
◼ Storage: ___
◼ Causes:___
◼ Storage: Kerosene
◼ Causes: H2O retentiom
97
◼ Na+ regulation: ____
◼ Na+ regulation: Aldosterone (Zinc acetate, Mg acetate, Cobalt uranyl acetate)
98
Na+
◼ Forms Insoluble salts with ____
◼ Forms Insoluble salts with Triple Acetate
98
Na+
◼ Flame Color:
◼ Non luminous: __
◼ Cobalt glass: ___
◼ Flame Color:
◼ Non luminous: Golden Yellow
◼ Cobalt glass: Nil
99
◼ Water soluble compounds are collectively called: ___
Soda
100
Also known as Sodium
Natrium
101
Sodium acetate (NaCH3COO) is aka
Sodium Ethanoate
102
Sodium acetate (NaCH3COO)
◼ Uses:
◼ Diuretics
◼ Urinary and systemic alkalizer- Tx: ___ and ___
◼ Antacid
◼ Alkalinizing agent in: ___
◼ Uses:
◼ Diuretics
◼ Urinary and systemic alkalizer
◼ Tx: metabolic acidosis
: Hyponatremia
◼ Antacid
◼ Alkalinizing agent in: Benedicts solution
103
◼ Uses: Antioxidant
◼ Vitamin C supplement
Sodium ascorbate (NaC6H7O6)
104
SODIUM BICARBONATE (NaHCO3)
◼ Production: ____
Solvay Process
104
2nd Major Extracellular anion
SODIUM BICARBONATE (NaHCO3)
105
SODIUM BICARBONATE (NaHCO3) is aka
baking soda
105
SODIUM BICARBONATE (NaHCO3)
◼ Uses:
◼ systemic alkalizer
◼ physiological buffer
◼ Carbonating agent
◼ systemic antacid- S/E: _____ ----> ____
◼ Antidote for: ____
◼ Effervescent salt
◼ Uses:
◼ systemic alkalizer
◼ physiological buffer
◼ Carbonating agent
◼ systemic antacid- (S/E: systemic alkalosis --> reboumd hyperacidity
◼ Antidote for: water solluble zinc salts
◼ Effervescent salt
106
Sodium Bicarbonate one use is Effervescent salt
◼ Composition:: effervescent salt
__-, __, ___
◼ Na bicarbonate
◼ Citric acid: sticky mixture
◼ Tartaric acid: loose granule that crumble
107
It is the use of the Sodium bicarbonate that mask the bitter taste of drugs
Effervescent salt
108
Suli Bio
Sulfate in Bicarbonate out
109
type of sodium that is used as ◼ Reducing agent
◼ H2) soluble agenT
Sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3
110
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
◼ Aka:
◼ Na2CO3 (anhydrous): __
◼ Na2CO3 *2H2O: __
◼ Na2CO3 *10H2O: __
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
◼ Aka:
◼ Na2CO3 (anhydrous): Soda ash
◼ Na2CO3 *2H2O: Trona
◼ Na2CO3 *10H2O: Washing soda, sol soda, soda crystal
110
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
◼ Uses:
◼ Antacid
◼ Carbonating agent
◼ Manufacture:___
◼ Saponifying agent
◼ 1std: aqueous:___
◼ Uses:
◼ Antacid
◼ Carbonating agent
◼ Manufacture: Soda lime (Calcium Hydroxide, Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium Hydroxide) nakakaloka ang soda lime
◼ Saponifying agent
◼ 1std: aqueous:Acidimetry
111
Preparation of dosium carbonate
Preparation: Salvay process
112
Na2CO3
Loss of water of crystallization
fluorescence
112
Sodium chloride (NaCl is aka
◼ Rock salt
◼ Soler salt
◼ Table salt
◼ Sea salt
◼ Dendritic salt
◼ Halite
113
Sodium chloride (NaCl)
◼ Uses:
◼ Preservative
◼ Condiment
◼ Tx: ___
◼ Electrolyte replenisher
◼ Vehicle:
Iodism
114
Uses:
◼ Preservative
◼ Condiment
◼ Tx: Iodism
◼ Electrolyte replenisher
◼ Vehicle:
Sodium chloride (NaCl
115
Sodium chloride (NaCl is used as vehicle
◼ Vehicle:
◼ NSS___
◼ Ringer’s solution:___
◼ Lactated Ringer’s solution: ___
◼ Darrow solution: ___
◼ Ophthalmic preparation: .Notice a ____ but a ___relief- (a)Hypertonic NACl solution- Temporary relief of corneal edema (b)Isotonic ___ for eye during surgery
◼ Oral preparation- Oral Rehydration Salts, USP for ____
◼ Inhalation/Nasal Products
◼ Vehicle:
◼ NSS:0.09% NaCl (Normal Saline solution)
◼ Ringer’s solution: .NaCl, KCl, CaCl, in Water for injection
◼ Lactated Ringer’s solution: .Ringers + Na Lactate
◼ Darrow solution: .NaCl + KCl + Na lactate
◼ Ophthalmic preparation: .Notice a treatment but a temporary relief (a)Hypertonic NACl solution- Temporary relief of corneal edema
(b) Isotonic irrigating solution for eye during surgery
◼ Oral preparation- Oral Rehydration Salts, USP for severe diarrjea
◼ Inhalation/Nasal Products
116
Sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7):
Use:
◼ In vitro:
◼ Chelates Ca2+ ion . ----> ____
◼ Sequestrant in:. ____
◼ In vivo:
◼ Parenteral: ___
◼ systemic and urinary alkalizer
◼ Expectorant
◼ Laxative
Use:
◼ In vitro:
◼ Chelates Ca2+ ion . ----> anticoagulant
◼ Sequestrant in:. Benedicts sol’n
◼ In vivo:
◼ Parenteral: .Blood coagulant
◼ systemic and urinary alkalizer
◼ Expectorant
◼ Laxative
116
Sodium fluoride (NaF)
◼ as a reagent:.___
◼Chronic ingestion: ___
Sodium fluoride (NaF)
◼ as a reagent:.very coroisive
◼Chronic ingestion: .motted enamel
117
Sodium fluoride (NaF)
Uses:
◼ ____ in dentifrices
◼Replaces hydroxyl ion in hydroxyapatite with fluoride to form .______ on ___ surface of enamel. . It promotes bone formation, but toothpaste can not be ingested b/c of dental fluorosive.
Uses:
◼ Anticariogenic in dentifrices
◼Replaces hydroxyl ion in hydroxyapatite with fluoride to form .fluoroapatite on outer surface of enamel. . It promotes bone formation, but toothpaste can not be ingested b/c of dental fluorosive.
118
Uses:
◼ Anticariogenic in dentifrices
◼Replaces hydroxyl ion in hydroxyapatite with fluoride to form .fluoroapatite on outer surface of enamel. . It promotes bone formation, but toothpaste can not be ingested b/c of dental fluorosive.
Sodium fluoride (NaF)
119
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
◼ Caustic = __
◼ NaOH =. __
◼ KOH =.___
◼ AgNO3 = ____
◼ Caustic = contains OH
◼ NaOH =. caustic Soda
◼ KOH =.caustic potash
◼ AgNO3 =lunar caustic
119
◼ Best antidote for: . mercury poisoning
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate
120
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
◼ aka:
◼ Caustic Soda
◼ Sosa
◼ Soda Lye
◼ Liquid soda
121
Sodium gluconate
◼ Use:.__
◼Advantage over chloride salts: ___
◼ Use:. electrolyte replenisher
◼Advantage over chloride salts: less irritating
122
◼ Use:. electrolyte replenisher
◼Advantage over chloride salts: less irritating
Sodium gluconate
123
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
◼ Characteristics:
◼ Deliquescent
◼ Can cause:. ___ <---- basic sol’n. Acid + necrosis = ___, if --> ____
◼ Antidote:. None
◼ Characteristics:
◼ Deliquescent
◼ Can cause:. liquefactive necrosis <---- basic sol’n. Acid + necrosis = acid necrosis, if --> coagulate necrosis
◼ Antidote:. None
124
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
◼ Uses:
◼ Saponifying agent (____)
◼ Produces: ____
◼ Necessary in____
◼ Uses:
◼ Saponifying agent
◼Saponification (KOETTSTORFER TEST).
◼ Produces:Hard soap
◼ Necessary in Glycerin supp. preparation
125
◼ Uses:
◼ oxidizing agent
◼ bleaching agent
◼ Dakin’s solution (chlorox)- Aqueous sol’n:. disinfectant
◼ Modified Dakin’s solution- Diluted sol’n:.antiseptic
◼ Labarraques’s solution.2.5%hypochloride = disinfectant
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)
125
Sodium lactate
◼ Uses:
◼ Ingredient in ___ aka:.___’s sol’n
◼ Ingredient in ___
◼ Uses:
◼ Ingredient in Lactated Ringer’s Sol’n- aka:.Hartmann’s sol’n
◼ Ingredient in Darrows sol’n
125
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)
◼ Uses:
◼ oxidizing agent
◼ bleaching agent
◼ __ (chlorox)- Aqueous sol’n:. disinfectant
◼___ - Diluted sol’n:.___
◼ Labarraques’s solution.___ = disinfectant
◼ Dakin’s solution (chlorox)- Aqueous sol’n:. disinfectant
◼ Modified Dakin’s solution- Diluted sol’n:.antiseptic
◼ Labarraques’s solution.2.5%hypochloride = disinfectant
126
◼ Uses:
◼ Saponifying agent
◼Saponification (KOETTSTORFER TEST). Hard soap
◼ Produces:
◼ Necessary in Glycerin supp. preparation
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
127
___
◼ Uses:
◼ Ingredient in Lactated Ringer’s Sol’n- aka:.___
◼ Ingredient in Darrows sol’n
Sodium lactate
Hartmann’s sol’n
128
Sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O)
◼Aka:.
Sodium pyrosulfite
129
Sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O)
◼ Uses:
◼ water-soluble antioxidant
◼___property
◼___. - wine
◼ Preservative
◼__. For meat
◼ Uses:
◼ water-soluble antioxidant
◼ Antimicrobial property
◼ Fermentation. - wine
◼ Preservative
◼ food bleaching. For meat
130
◼ Uses:
◼ water-soluble antioxidant
◼ Antimicrobial property
◼ Fermentation. - wine
◼ Preservative
◼ food bleaching. For meat
Sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O)
131
Sodium Nitrate
(NaNO3)
◼ Aka:
◼.Chile salt peter
◼. Peru salt pete
132
Sodium Nitrate
(NaNO3)
◼ Uses:
◼___.but also carcinogenic( cancer)
◼___
◼ Uses:
◼ Meat preservative.but also carcinogenic( cancer)
◼ Fertilizer
133
◼ Uses:
◼ Meat preservative.but also carcinogenic( cancer)
◼ Fertilizer
Sodium Nitrate
(NaNO3)
134
Sodium nitrite
(NaNO2)
Aka:
Salitre
135
Sodium nitrite
(NaNO2)
◼ Uses:.
◼ Antidote for:. ___ by:.____
◼ ____ .
◼ Uses:.
◼ Antidote for:. cyanide poisoning- by:.methemoglobinimia
◼ Vasodilator. Lowers BP
136
◼ Uses:.
◼ Antidote for:. cyanide poisoning- by:.methemoglobinimia
◼ Vasodilator. Lowers BP
Sodium nitrite
(NaNO2)
137
Used as an antidote for mercury poisoning?
A. Glauber’s salt C. Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate
B. Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate D. Sodium metabisulfite
138
◼ Uses:
◼ mild disinfectant and deodorant
Sodium perborate
(NaBO2)
139
SODIUM POLYSTYRENE SULFONATE Brand Name
◼ BN:.kayexalate
139
SODIUM POLYSTYRENE SULFONATE
◼ Uses:
◼ Cation ___
◼ Tx:.___
◼ Uses:
◼ Cation -exchange resin
◼ Tx:.Hyperkalemia
140
◼ Uses:
◼ Cation -exchange resin
◼ Tx:.Hyperkalemia
SODIUM POLYSTYRENE SULFONATE
141
Sodium saccharin.
◼ Uses:
◼____
◼ ID test result: ___
.◼ Uses:
◼ artificial sweetener
◼ ID test result: : Fluorescent green light
142
.◼ Uses:
◼ artificial sweetener
◼ ID test result:
Sodium saccharin
143
◼ Use:
◼Tablet disintegrant
Sodium starch glycolate
144
Sodium starch glycolate Brand name
Explotab
145
Only reddish metal
Copper
146
Third most malleable metal
Copper
147
Thirs Best conductor of heat
Copper
148
Second best conductor of electricity
Copper
149
Best conductor of electricity
Silver
150
Copper toxicity
Wilson's disease
151
Antidote of copper toxicity
Penicillamine
152
Copper deficiency
Menke syndrome
153
Copper found in
brain
Rbc's
blood plasma
Cerulocupren
Erythrocupren
Ceruloplasmin
154
155
156
157
