Module 13: Nutrition Problems

Question 1

Mifflin-St. Jeor Equation - Energy Expenditure

Answer 1

Men: 10 × weight (kg) + 6.25 × height (cm) − 5 ×
age (yr) + 5

Women: 10 × weight (kg) + 6.25 × height (cm) −
5 × age (yr) − 161

https://www.leighpeele.com/mifflin-st-jeor-calculator

Question 2

How many calories/day?

Answer 2

An average adult requires an estimated 20 to 35
calories per kilogram of body weight per day

Those with injury or illness may need at least 30
to 35 cal/kg.

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

Carbohydrates
 Primary source of energy
* 4 kcal/g
 Classified as simple or complex
 Chief protein-sparing ingredient
 Compose 45% to 65% of daily caloric needs
 Should include 14 g of fiber/1000 cal

Simple carbohydrates
 Monosaccharides
* Glucose
* Fructose
 Disaccharides
* Sucrose
* Maltose
* Lactose

Complex carbohydrates
 Polysaccharides
* Starches such as cereal grains, potatoes, and
legumes

Question 4

Proteins

Answer 4

Proteins
 Required for tissue growth, repair, and maintenance
 Body regulatory functions
 Energy production
 4 kcal/g
 10% to 35% of daily caloric need

Proteins
 Amino acids are the fundamental units of protein
structure
* Body can synthesize nonessential amino acids
* Body cannot synthesize nine essential amino acids
* Obtained from animal and plant sources
 Complete and incomplete proteins

Complete proteins
 Eggs
 Fish
 Meats
 Milk and milk products
 Poultry

Incomplete proteins
 Grains
 Legumes
 Nuts
 Seeds

Question 5

Fats

Answer 5

Fats
 Major source of energy
 9 kcal/g
 Stored in adipose tissue and abdominal cavity
 Carriers of essential fatty acids and fat-soluble
vitamins
 20% to 35% of total daily caloric intake

Fats
 Potentially harmful—saturated fat and trans fat
 Healthier—monounsaturated and polysaturated fat
 Heart-healthy—polyunsaturated, omega-3 fatty acids

Question 6

Vitamins

Answer 6

Vitamins
 Organic compounds required in small amounts for
normal metabolism
 Function primarily in enzyme reactions
 Divided into two categories
* Water-soluble (vitamin C and B-complex)
* Fat-soluble (vitamins A, D, E, K)

Question 7

Mineral Salts

Answer 7

Mineral salts
 Magnesium, iron, calcium make up 4% of total body
weight
 Necessary to build and repair tissues
 Regulation of body fluids
 Assist in various body functions
 Major and trace minerals