Module 13: Care of a Child with Integumentary System Condition

Question 1

burns

Answer 1

• thermal: heat source ( or cold)
• chemical: acidic or alkaline
• electrical: house hold currents most common
• inhalation burns
• Size of burn calculated as percentage totals body surface area
• most are accidental; many causes 50% of thermal burns
• Treatment
  
  • stop burning process
    T- emergency care: cool water only
  • cared for at home, visits to clinic for dressing changes
  • clean as ordered, loose dressing
  • pain relief meds
• Superficial burns (1st degree)
• Partial thickness burn (2nd degree)
  
  • epidermis and dermal layer
• care of major burns
  
  • establish/maintain away/ emergency care
  • IV fluids/ fluid balance
  • pain relief
  • nutrition
  • infection control
  • wound care - strict asepsis/debridement/grafts

Question 2

infantile eczema (atopic dermatitis)

Answer 2

• hypersensitivity reaction
• genetic link (seen with asthma and allergic rhinitis)
• immune system attacks the skin on flexor surfaces (inside of elbows, knees, wrists) and exposed surfaces
• skin barrier becomes leaky and allows water to escape
• cannot be spread
  Treatment:
  
  • may be linked to allergies, discover triggers and keep them away

Question 3

acne vulgaris

Answer 3

• inflammatory disorder of sebaceous glands and skin follicles
• blockage of hair follicles from certain or sebum “black heads”
• bacterial overgrowth leads to immune cells “white heads”
  Treatment:
  
  • topical treatment: benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acids (removes top keratin layer)
• antibiotics (topical or systemic)
• oral contraceptives
• Vitamin A treatments (accutane)

Question 4

Dermatitis

Answer 4

inflammation of the skin
- more than half of the skin problems in children are some form of dermatitis
Contact Dermatitis
- contact with a chemical or irritant; poison ivy, oak, animal source or medications
Diaper Dermatitis
- pH or urine increases activity of fecal enzymes (lipase and protease) causing breakdown of ski