Module 10: Care of a Child with a Blood and/or Lymph System Condition

Question 1

bone marrow aspiration

Answer 1

• getting a sample of the bone marrow
• painful
• a needle is inserted into the bone marrow, a sample is sucked out and examined under a microscope

Question 2

sickle cell disease

Answer 2

• inherited from both parents
• path-blood shows that RBC has changed its shape to resemble that of a sickle blade
• causes: hypoxia, dehydration, acidosis
• S&S: pallor, fatigue, weakness
• Treatment: supportive, hydration, analgesic, bed rest, packed cells administered, administration of ordered antibiotics, avoid use of cold or hot compress, and oral hydroxurea is currently the only approved medication for treatment

Question 3

iron-deficiency anemia

Answer 3

insufficient amounts of iron in the body, most common nutritional deficiency of children,increase in need for iron, increased blood loss

S&S
- pallor, irritability, anorexia and a decrease in activity

• screening 9-24 months for full term infants, risk in premature infants (less time to build iron stores)

Treatment:
- iron, usually ferrous sulfate is administered two or three times daily between meals, vit c helps with absorption.do not give milk before or after the supplement is given

Question 4

hemophilia

Answer 4

• congenital bleeding disorder in which the blood doesn’t clot normally (x-linked recessive)
• a bleeding disorder resulting from a congenital deficiency of specific coagulation proteins
• hemophilia A
  
  • missing or low levels of factor VIII called the antihemophilia factor that is made in the liver
  • accounts for 84% of hemophilia cases
• S&S: frequent bruising, hemorrhage, prolonged bleeding, subcutaneous and IM hemorrhages, bleeding into the joints, hematoma, spontaneous hematuria, mennorhagia
• Treatment: provide recombinant anti-hemophilic factor
• Prevent injury: strengthen muscles and joints through appropriate exercises, monitor children at safe play, games such as contact sports should be avoided, use protective padding, normalize routine for developmental purposes

Question 5

leukemia

Answer 5

• most common form of childhood cancer
• abnormal proliferation of WBC’s
• Two main types
  
  • acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
  • 90% of children will meet the 5 yr survival mark
• bone marrow produce increased number of immature WBC’s
• they do not function normally
• unhealthy WBC take over production of RBC’s which causes anemia
• decreased platelet production
• S&S: pallor, fatigue, fever, lethargy, joint or bone pain, enlarged liver, spleen and lymph nodes, overt signs of bleeding (petechiae)
• Treatment: supporting family and patient , analgesics, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant

Question 6

lumbar puncture

Answer 6

• done to obtain spinal fluid for examination or to reduce pressure within the brain in condition such as hydrocephalus or meningitis
• immature white blood cells in cerebral spinal fluid

Question 7

partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

Answer 7

• intrinsic pathway, clotting factors

Question 8

hematoma

Answer 8

a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.

Question 9

immunosuppression

Answer 9

the partial or complete suppression of the immune response of an individual. It is induced to help the survival of an organ after a transplant operation.