Module 11: Care of a Child with a Gastrointestinal System Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

endoscopy

A
  • allows for direct visualization of the GI tract, preparation for tests includes a clear liquid diet and bowl preparation the day before.
  • route of entry is the mouth
  • for the upper GI
  • only reaches the first 3 - 6 feet of the bowel
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2
Q

colonoscopy

A
  • inside

- route of entry is the rectum

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3
Q

flat plate of abdomen

A
  • common test, old term for X-ray
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4
Q

thrush

A
  • infection of mucus membranes caused by candidiasis
  • white patches
  • anorexia
  • can cause inflammation of esophagus and stomach
  • local application of mycostatin
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5
Q

pyloric stenosis

A
  • it effects males more often then females
  • perhaps genetic link, usually familys history
  • presents in children between 4-8 weeks of age
  • causes: narrowing of the opening from the stomach to the first part of the small intestines, smoking during pregnancy
  • S&S: excessive vomiting (projectile vomiting), distended abdomen, dehydration, irritability, decrease in urine and stools
  • Treatment: surgery (pyloromyotomy), correct hydration, feeding re-established 12-24 hrs post op, recurrence does not occur
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6
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease (aganglionic megacolon)

A
  • a section of the large intestine is missing the nerve network
  • normal peristalsis is affected
  • stool enters the affected part and stays there
  • S&S: no meconium or stool passing, abdominal distention, chronic constipation, ribbon-like stool, fecal vomit, irritable, lethargic
  • Treatment: surgery to remove impaired part of colon and colostomy may be necessary, closure of colostomy occurs 3-6 months later
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7
Q

cleft lip and palate

A
  • cleft palate sometimes found when milk comes out of the nose
  • may have associated dental malformations
  • speech, hearing may be affected
  • staged surgical corrections
  • cleft lip repair surgery between 3-6 months
  • cleft palate repair by age 12 months; earlier if possible
  • why are surgeries done so early?
    • so they are able to feed properly
  • after surgery
    • login bar
    • nothing hard or sharp n mouth
    • no stress on suture line, no crying
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8
Q

failure to thrive

A
  • weight and sometimes height falls below the 5th percentile
  • causes: diet restrictions, CF, muscular dystrophy, mental disorders
  • S&S: history of difficulty feeding, sleep disturbances, irritability, very thin child
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9
Q

gastroesophageal Reflux (GER or chalasia)

A
  • results when the lower esophageal sphincter is relaxed or not competent, which allows stomach contents to be easily regurgitated into the esophagus
  • in many infants symptoms peak at 4 months and decrease at around 12 months of age when the child stands upright and eats more solid foods.

S&S

  • vomiting, weight loss and failure to thrive.
  • vomiting occurs within the first and second weeks of life
  • respiratory problems can occur when vomiting stimulates the closure of the epiglottis and the infant presents with apnea
  • aspiration of vomitus can also occur
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10
Q

Constipation

A

-defecation that is difficult or infrequent, with passage of hard, dry fecal material. there may be associated symptoms such as abdominal discomfort or blood-streaked stools
S&S:
- periods of diarrhea with encopresis ( constipation with fecal soiling)

Treatment:

  • dietary modifications
  • increasing fluid intake
  • stool softener
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11
Q

celiac disease

A
  • leading malabsorption problem in children
  • inherited but with an environmental trigger
  • S&S: appears when food with glutens are introduced, diarrhea, abdominal pain, stool changes, weight loss
  • treatment: gluten free diet
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12
Q

appendicitis

A
  • most common surgery in children
  • characteristic tenderness in RLQ
  • lab test will confirm diagnosis or rule out other causes
  • fever is not always reliable
  • Treatment: observe, NPO until surgery
  • complication: rupture with peritonitis
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13
Q

Nectrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)

A
  • diminished blood flow to lining of intestines results in injury to inner layer of intestines
  • bacteria invade intestinal wall
  • wall perforates and intestinal contents leak into abd cavity cause peritonitis
  • can lead to sepsis and death
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