Module 11: Care of a Child with a Gastrointestinal System Disorder Flashcards
1
Q
endoscopy
A
- allows for direct visualization of the GI tract, preparation for tests includes a clear liquid diet and bowl preparation the day before.
- route of entry is the mouth
- for the upper GI
- only reaches the first 3 - 6 feet of the bowel
2
Q
colonoscopy
A
- inside
- route of entry is the rectum
3
Q
flat plate of abdomen
A
- common test, old term for X-ray
4
Q
thrush
A
- infection of mucus membranes caused by candidiasis
- white patches
- anorexia
- can cause inflammation of esophagus and stomach
- local application of mycostatin
5
Q
pyloric stenosis
A
- it effects males more often then females
- perhaps genetic link, usually familys history
- presents in children between 4-8 weeks of age
- causes: narrowing of the opening from the stomach to the first part of the small intestines, smoking during pregnancy
- S&S: excessive vomiting (projectile vomiting), distended abdomen, dehydration, irritability, decrease in urine and stools
- Treatment: surgery (pyloromyotomy), correct hydration, feeding re-established 12-24 hrs post op, recurrence does not occur
6
Q
Hirschsprung’s disease (aganglionic megacolon)
A
- a section of the large intestine is missing the nerve network
- normal peristalsis is affected
- stool enters the affected part and stays there
- S&S: no meconium or stool passing, abdominal distention, chronic constipation, ribbon-like stool, fecal vomit, irritable, lethargic
- Treatment: surgery to remove impaired part of colon and colostomy may be necessary, closure of colostomy occurs 3-6 months later
7
Q
cleft lip and palate
A
- cleft palate sometimes found when milk comes out of the nose
- may have associated dental malformations
- speech, hearing may be affected
- staged surgical corrections
- cleft lip repair surgery between 3-6 months
- cleft palate repair by age 12 months; earlier if possible
- why are surgeries done so early?
- so they are able to feed properly
- after surgery
- login bar
- nothing hard or sharp n mouth
- no stress on suture line, no crying
8
Q
failure to thrive
A
- weight and sometimes height falls below the 5th percentile
- causes: diet restrictions, CF, muscular dystrophy, mental disorders
- S&S: history of difficulty feeding, sleep disturbances, irritability, very thin child
9
Q
gastroesophageal Reflux (GER or chalasia)
A
- results when the lower esophageal sphincter is relaxed or not competent, which allows stomach contents to be easily regurgitated into the esophagus
- in many infants symptoms peak at 4 months and decrease at around 12 months of age when the child stands upright and eats more solid foods.
S&S
- vomiting, weight loss and failure to thrive.
- vomiting occurs within the first and second weeks of life
- respiratory problems can occur when vomiting stimulates the closure of the epiglottis and the infant presents with apnea
- aspiration of vomitus can also occur
10
Q
Constipation
A
-defecation that is difficult or infrequent, with passage of hard, dry fecal material. there may be associated symptoms such as abdominal discomfort or blood-streaked stools
S&S:
- periods of diarrhea with encopresis ( constipation with fecal soiling)
Treatment:
- dietary modifications
- increasing fluid intake
- stool softener
11
Q
celiac disease
A
- leading malabsorption problem in children
- inherited but with an environmental trigger
- S&S: appears when food with glutens are introduced, diarrhea, abdominal pain, stool changes, weight loss
- treatment: gluten free diet
12
Q
appendicitis
A
- most common surgery in children
- characteristic tenderness in RLQ
- lab test will confirm diagnosis or rule out other causes
- fever is not always reliable
- Treatment: observe, NPO until surgery
- complication: rupture with peritonitis
13
Q
Nectrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
A
- diminished blood flow to lining of intestines results in injury to inner layer of intestines
- bacteria invade intestinal wall
- wall perforates and intestinal contents leak into abd cavity cause peritonitis
- can lead to sepsis and death
