Module 13

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

Groups of individuals of a species which occupy the same physical space and interbreed

Question 2

Gene Pool

Answer 2

All alleles of every gene in a population

Question 3

Organismal Polymorphism

Answer 3

Variation of traits within a population (2+ alleles present in a pop.)

Question 4

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs)

Answer 4

Single base pair changes in DNA, responsible for the majority of genetic variation (ex. beta-globin gene in humans)

Question 5

Allele Frequency

Answer 5

(# of copies of an allele in a population) / (total # alleles for the gene)

Question 6

Genotype Frequency

Answer 6

(# individuals with a particular genotype) / (total # individuals within a population)

Question 7

Hardy Weinberg Equation

Answer 7

p² + 2pq + q²

Question 8

Hardy Weinberg Equation Assumptions

Answer 8

1. No mutations
2. No drift
3. No migration
4. No natural selection
5. Random mating

“No mutts, drifting, migraines, natural soils, just regular moles”

Question 9

Microevolution is governed by:

Answer 9

1. Mutation
2. Genetic drift
3. Gene flow (migration)
4. Natural selection
5. Nonrandom mating

Question 10

4 Patterns of Natural Selection

Answer 10

1. Directional selection (unidirectional)
2. Balancing selection (2 or more alleles, heterozygote advantage)
3. Disruptive (bidirectional)
4. Stabilizing (single phenotype)

Question 11

Mean Fitness of a Population (w)

Answer 11

w = p²w_AA + 2pqw_Aa + q²w_aa

Question 12

Selection Coefficient (s) for Heterozygote Advantage

Answer 12

s = 1 - w

Question 13

Genetic Drift

Answer 13

A change in genetic variation due to chance (ex. bottleneck, founder effects)

Question 14

Migration (Gene Flow)

Answer 14

Transfer of alleles from donor population to recipient, changing its gene pool and forming a “conglomerate”

Question 15

To calculate conglomerate allele frequencies, we must know ____ and ____

Answer 15

original allele freqs. for both donor and recipient pops., proportion of conglomerate pop. due to migrants

Question 16

Bidirectional migration ____ allele frequency differences between populations, can ____ genetic diversity within a population

Answer 16

reduces, enhance

Question 17

Assortative Mating

Answer 17

Individuals do not mate randomly, can be positive (similar) or negative (dissimilar)

Question 18

Inbreeding

Answer 18

Reproduction between two genetically related individuals (can result in inbreeding depression and extinction vortex)