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Public Health Final Exam > Module 12: Nutrition > Flashcards

Module 12: Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

UNICEF FRAMEWORK:
immediate causes

A

inadequate dietary intake & disease

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2
Q

UNICEF FRAMEWORK:
underlying causes

A

1) insufficient household food security

2) inadequate MCH

3) insufficient health services & unhealthy environment

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3
Q

UNICEF FRAMEWORK:
nutritional status

A

malnutrition (over/undernutrition) and death

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4
Q

Basic causes

A
  • inadequate education
  • resources and capital
  • political environment
  • economics
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5
Q

Insecurity impacts nutritional status at _____ level

A

every

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6
Q

malnutrition

A

poor or bad nutrition
- over-nutrition
- undernutrition

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7
Q

overnutrition

A

excess energy and/or nutrients

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8
Q

undernutrition

A

insufficient energy and/or nutrients
- underweight
- micronutrient deficiencies
- chronic undernutrition (stunting)
- acute under nutrition (wasting)

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9
Q

overweight/obesity

A

abnormal excess fat accumulation that may impair health

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10
Q

chronic undernutrition (stunting)

A

low height for age

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11
Q

acute under nutrition (wasting)

A

low weight for height

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12
Q

micronutrient deficiencies

A

mineral and vitamin deficiencies for producing for human growth and development

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13
Q

underweight

A

low weight for age

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14
Q

Could you have micronutrient deficiencies while being overweight or obese?

A

Yes

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15
Q

Undernutrition infection cycle

A

inadequate dietary intake –> weight loss, growth faltering, impaired immunity, muscosal damage –> disease (incidence, duration, severity) –> additional weight loss, anorexia, nutrient loss, malabsorbtion, altered metabolism –>

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16
Q

what is the relationship between disease and inadequate dietary intake?

A

inadequate dietary intake weakens the body and makes it more susceptible to infection

illness makes it harder for people to eat, absorb the nutrients they take in, and increases demand for some key nutrients

17
Q

What are the pillars of household food security?

A
  • Food availability
  • Food access
  • Food utilization
  • Food safety
18
Q

Inadequate MCH practices

A
  • different feeding styles (responsive vs forced feeding)
  • poor infant & young child (IYCF) feeding practices DUE TO LACK OF RESOURCES
19
Q

Insufficient health services and unhealthy environment

A
  • water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)
  • Health access

The bigger picture… Are environments promoting proper childhood development; access to pre-natal service, pediatric services (early intervention); clean water is important for breast feeding –> lack of clean water = babies with cholera; promoting breast feeding to avoid cholera in formula

20
Q

Other causes

A

Shocks and Hazards
- Earthquakes
- Cyclones
- Food price

insecurity and conflict
- War
- Displacement

21
Q

Addressing undernutrition is important for reducing the risk of ___ later in life.

A

NCDs

22
Q

Food fortification

A
  • iodine in salt
  • vitamin D in milk
  • vitamin B + folic acid in flour
23
Q

SNAP rates

A

Higher rates of obesity of populations in the snap program vs other populations

24
Q

Why is addressing nutritional status challenging?

A

there are multi-level factors involved as illustrated by the UNICEF Framework

25
Q

Nutritional needs throughout the lifecycle

A

Pregnancy and birth weight primary prevention
- preg wmn consume more calories
- micronutrients: irone, iodine, zinc, calcium, neonatal vitamins

Infancy and young childhood primary prevention
- window of opportunity (0-2)
- breastfeed only for 0-6 months
- continue breast feeding until 2 yrs

Adolescence
- vitamins (calcium is important)
- prep for pregnancy

Adulthood and old age
- Calcium = primary prevention (bone health)
- avoid obesity and overweight (not growing taller anymore)
- need income to support and eat properly

26
Q

____ is an indicator of later health

A

infant birth weight

Public Health Final Exam (9 decks)

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