Module 12: Nutrition Flashcards
UNICEF FRAMEWORK:
immediate causes
inadequate dietary intake & disease
UNICEF FRAMEWORK:
underlying causes
1) insufficient household food security
2) inadequate MCH
3) insufficient health services & unhealthy environment
UNICEF FRAMEWORK:
nutritional status
malnutrition (over/undernutrition) and death
Basic causes
- inadequate education
- resources and capital
- political environment
- economics
Insecurity impacts nutritional status at _____ level
every
malnutrition
poor or bad nutrition
- over-nutrition
- undernutrition
overnutrition
excess energy and/or nutrients
undernutrition
insufficient energy and/or nutrients
- underweight
- micronutrient deficiencies
- chronic undernutrition (stunting)
- acute under nutrition (wasting)
overweight/obesity
abnormal excess fat accumulation that may impair health
chronic undernutrition (stunting)
low height for age
acute under nutrition (wasting)
low weight for height
micronutrient deficiencies
mineral and vitamin deficiencies for producing for human growth and development
underweight
low weight for age
Could you have micronutrient deficiencies while being overweight or obese?
Yes
Undernutrition infection cycle
inadequate dietary intake –> weight loss, growth faltering, impaired immunity, muscosal damage –> disease (incidence, duration, severity) –> additional weight loss, anorexia, nutrient loss, malabsorbtion, altered metabolism –>
what is the relationship between disease and inadequate dietary intake?
inadequate dietary intake weakens the body and makes it more susceptible to infection
illness makes it harder for people to eat, absorb the nutrients they take in, and increases demand for some key nutrients
What are the pillars of household food security?
- Food availability
- Food access
- Food utilization
- Food safety
Inadequate MCH practices
- different feeding styles (responsive vs forced feeding)
- poor infant & young child (IYCF) feeding practices DUE TO LACK OF RESOURCES
Insufficient health services and unhealthy environment
- water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)
- Health access
The bigger picture… Are environments promoting proper childhood development; access to pre-natal service, pediatric services (early intervention); clean water is important for breast feeding –> lack of clean water = babies with cholera; promoting breast feeding to avoid cholera in formula
Other causes
Shocks and Hazards
- Earthquakes
- Cyclones
- Food price
insecurity and conflict
- War
- Displacement
Addressing undernutrition is important for reducing the risk of ___ later in life.
NCDs
Food fortification
- iodine in salt
- vitamin D in milk
- vitamin B + folic acid in flour
SNAP rates
Higher rates of obesity of populations in the snap program vs other populations
Why is addressing nutritional status challenging?
there are multi-level factors involved as illustrated by the UNICEF Framework
Nutritional needs throughout the lifecycle
Pregnancy and birth weight primary prevention
- preg wmn consume more calories
- micronutrients: irone, iodine, zinc, calcium, neonatal vitamins
Infancy and young childhood primary prevention
- window of opportunity (0-2)
- breastfeed only for 0-6 months
- continue breast feeding until 2 yrs
Adolescence
- vitamins (calcium is important)
- prep for pregnancy
Adulthood and old age
- Calcium = primary prevention (bone health)
- avoid obesity and overweight (not growing taller anymore)
- need income to support and eat properly
____ is an indicator of later health
infant birth weight
