Module 12 gastrointestinal tract medications

Question 1

Non-Pharmacological ways to control heartburn ( gastric reflux)

Answer 1

Avoid smoking
avoid alcohol
weight loss
avoid hot spicy food
sit upright
do not eat before bed

Question 2

H2 Receptor antagonists ( blockers)

Answer 2

• Histamine 2 Blockers
• Drug of choice for peptic Ulcers
• Over The Counter drugs
• Decrease acidity of stomach acid

Question 3

Cimetidine ( Tagamet )

Answer 3

H2 Antagonist ( Histamine 2 blocker )
-Less use because it has a lot of drug to drug interactions and needs to be taken 4x a day.

Question 4

Zantac

Answer 4

H2 Antagonist ( Histamine 2 blocker)

Question 5

Long Term Effects of H2 rECEPTOR aNTAGONISTS

Answer 5

• B12 deficiency

Question 6

Proton Pump Inhibitors ( PPIs)

Answer 6

Block enzyme responsible for secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

• Used in short term therapy of peptic ulcers.
• longer duration of action

Question 7

Nursing considerations and patient teachings for Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

Answer 7

• take 30 min before breakfast
• monitor liver function and serum gastrin
• eat with food that have good bacteria
• may effect the absorption of other medications

Question 8

Pentoprazole

Answer 8

PPIs

Proton pump inhibitor medication.

Question 9

OTC Antacids

Answer 9

Alkaline substances that neutralize gastric acid

used for GERD and Gastric ulcers

Question 10

Calcium Carbonate ( Tums )

Answer 10

Antacide

Question 11

Aluminum hydroxide ( maalox)

Answer 11

Antacid

Question 12

Adverse reactions of OTC Antacids

Answer 12

• Constipation with calcium and aluminum
• Diarrhea with magnesium
• electrolyte imbalance.

Question 13

Nursing considerations for OTC Antacids

Answer 13

• take 2 hrs before or after other oral medications
• may alter bowel activity
• clients with renal failure should avoid magnesium based antacids.

Question 14

Antiemetics

Answer 14

decrease nausea and reduce vomitin

Question 15

Chemical Classes of Antiemetics

Answer 15

• Anticholergics and
• Antihistamines
• Dopamine antagonists
• serotonin (5-3HT3) Antagonist

Question 16

Anticholinergic/ Antihistamine Antiemetics

Answer 16

simple nausea
motion sickness

( gravel, monamine )
do not give to a client with vomiting due to constipation.

Question 17

Anticholinergic Antiemetics

Answer 17

Inhibit the effects of para so inhibits intestinal motility. Stops the stomach from working

Question 18

Dopamine Antagonists

Answer 18

Stop dopamine 2 receptors from triggering vomiting.

Question 19

Metoclopramide

Answer 19

Dopamine Antagonist

stops dopamine 2 receptors from triggering vomiting

Question 20

When not to give metoclopramide

Answer 20

• GI obstruction, haemorrhage and perforation.

Question 21

Serotonin ( 5-HT3 ) Receptor Antagonists

Answer 21

Supresses nausea by blocking serotonin receptors

preferred drug for radiation therapy or surgical procedures.

Question 22

Zofran ( ondansetron)

Answer 22

Serotonin receptor antagonist

Used for nausea after chemo

Question 23

Osmotic Laxatives

Answer 23

Pulls water from the surrounding tissue to make stools softer. (Lactulose)

Question 24

Adverse effects of Osmotic laxatives

Answer 24

Electrolyte imbalance