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Pharm > Module 1-6 > Flashcards

Module 1-6 Flashcards

1
Q

Where can you find drug info ?

A

Drug guide book
Agency Drug Monograph
Academic online database

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2
Q

Excretion during pregnancy

A

Blood flow in kidneys increases by 50-70%

Effects : renal plasma flow, filtration routes, renal absoroption

Excretion rates increase this affects dosage time and onset

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3
Q

Metabolism during pregancy

A

Is altered during pregnancy and some drugs may require higher doses

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4
Q

Synergistic Effect

A

Different drugs given together to increase the action of one of the drugs

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5
Q

Antagonist

A

A drug that STOPS the endogenous chemicals from working

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6
Q

Agonist

A

A drug that produces the SAME response as the endogenous substance in the body

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7
Q

Half Life

A

Length of time that is needed for a drug to decrease its concentration in the blood plasma by 1/2

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8
Q

Factors affecting metabolism

A

Liver Failure
Genetics
Age

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9
Q

Pro Drug

A

Drug that doesn’t become active until it is metabolized

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10
Q

Active Metabolite

A

Metabolized but still able to work in the body

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11
Q

Inactive Metabolite

A

Drug is no longer able to work in the body

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12
Q

Metabolism

A

Chemical alteration of a drug in the body
- changes to water soluble
Inactivates medication
usually occurs in liver but also kidneys

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13
Q

Factors that affect Absorption

A

Medication related: Route, Drug into, other drugs

Patient related: Blood flow, Pain stress disease diet

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14
Q

Factors Affecting distribution

A

Blood flow
Solubility
Protein binding

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15
Q

Reasons we give drugs

A

Acute/ Empirical: To treat acute diseases
Maintenance: for chronic conditions
supportive
pallative

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16
Q

Maintenance Dose

A

Intermittent dose give to maintain the plasma drug level in the therapeutic range

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17
Q

Loading dose

A

Higher amount of drug given only once or twice to prime the blood stream from zero to therapeutic dose

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18
Q

Duration

A

How long it takes for the drug to stay active in the body

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19
Q

Peak

A

How long it takes for the drug to achieve full effect

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20
Q

Onset

A

How long it takes for a drug to achieve minimal eggiest or start working

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21
Q

Idiosyncratic Effect

A

None documented side effect likely due to genetics

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22
Q

Contraindication

A

A drug that should not be used because it may cause harm

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23
Q

Parentally

A

Non-oral means of administering medications

IV IM injection, Sub Cu

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24
Q

Adverse Effect

A

A side effect that can cause serious harm

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25
Q

Side Effect

A 
A documented effect other then the desired effect
nausea
constipation
heart burn
loss of apetiete
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26
Q

Absorption fastest and slowest route

A

Process of moving a drug into the blood stream
alsowest: oral, IM, SC not a lot of blood supply
Fastest: IV inhalation

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27
Q

Topical

A

Skin: Intended to effect only the area applied too

skin, eyes, ears

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28
Q

Enterally

A

Food or drugs given via gastro intestinal tract

mouth sublingual buccal

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29
Q

Therapeutic purposes of medication

A

bRANCH OF MEDICINE CONCERNED WITH PREVENTION OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT OF SUFFERING
Desirable response from a drug
Medically therapeutic

30
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

How a drug affects the body or how it works

31
Q

Pharmacotherapeutics

A

The use of a drug to prevent or treat a disease

32
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

How a drug moves through the body
ADME
Helps nurse understand actions and side effects of medications

33
Q

Ethical Principles in safe med admin

A 
Responsibility to public
Responsibility to client
Responsibility to profession
Responsibility to colleagues
Responsibility to self
34
Q

7 Rights of med admin

A 
Right person
Right reason
Right Dose
Right Route
Right Time
Right to refuse
Right Documentation
35
Q

Schedule 1 med

A

These drugs can only be obtained by prescription and given by a pharmacist
codeine
morphine

36
Q

Schedule 2 med

A

These drugs are available without a prescription but must be given out by a pharmacist

37
Q

Schedule 3 Med

A

Available without a prescription from the self selection area of a pharmacy

38
Q

Unscheduled

A

Can be sol in any store without professional supervision

39
Q

Adrenergic Antagonist Teach and Monitor

A

Monitor: Blurred vision, Edema, Level of conciseness, liver function
Teach” Report difficulty urinating, Take medication at bedtime, avoid abrupt changes in position

40
Q

Adrenergic Antagonist Beta 1 Blockers

A
  • Black Beta 1 Beta 2 or both
  • Decrease Rate and force of the heart
  • Fewer Side Effects
  • Lowers BP, dysrhythmia
    Side effects of dizzy, drowsiness and light headed
41
Q

Adrenergic Antagonist Alpha 1 Blockers

A
  • Relaxes Vascular Smooth muscle
  • Decreased blood pressure
  • Prostatic hyperplasia, increase urine flow

Adverse Effect: Nasal congestion, reflex tachycardia

42
Q

Adrenergic Antagonist ( Antiadrenergics)

A

They stop the sympathetic responses and produce the opposite response or parasympathetic
- block alpha and beta receptor sites

43
Q

Adrenergic Agonist Alpha 1

A
  • Treatment of nasal congestion or hypotension ( due to shock)
  • Contraction of vascular smooth muscle
    Cause vasoconstriction of vessels in the nose
44
Q

Adrenergic ( Adrenergic agonist)

A

Produce classic “ fight or flight” responses

Cardiovascular
Respiratory

Alpha and beta subtypes gives wider therapeutic options with less adverse effect.

45
Q

Adrenergic Monitor and Teaching

A

Monitor: Breathing patterns, responsiveness to light, BP and temperature.

Teach: Report dizziness or chest pain, take medication early in the day to prevent insomnia.

46
Q

Non-selective Adrenergics

A
  • Stimulate/Bind to more then one receptor

- Have more generalized side effects

47
Q

Adrenergic Agonist Beta 2`

A
  • Treatment of asthma or premature labour contractions

- Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

48
Q

Adrenergic Agonist Beta 1

A

Treatment of cardiac arrest, shock, heart failure
Cardiac actions for fight or flight
- increase heart rate
- increase force of contraction of heart
- increase BP

49
Q

Adrenergic Agonist Alpha 2

A

Works opposite Alpha 1

  • Treat meant of hypertension
  • Work on CNS to Decrease Sympa
  • Decrease blood pressure
50
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Stops the parasympathetic response

They produce the opposite which is sympathetic responses

51
Q

Anticholinergics Therapeutic Uses

A

Dilates bronchi ( asthma)
Accelerates heart for patients with bradycardia
GI disorders: reduces gastric acids for ulcer diseases

52
Q

Anticholinergics Side Effects

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Blurred Vision
  • Dry Mouth
  • Urinary Retention
  • Constipation
53
Q

Anticholinergics Teachings

A
  • Surgarless gum or candy can help with dry mouth

- May Cause drowsiness avoid driving

54
Q

Cholinergics

A

Mimics Acetycloline

  • They produce the rest and digest response
  • Direct Acting: Binding to ACH to produce rest and digest
  • Indirect Acting : Blocks AchE from destroying Ach
55
Q

Direct Acting Cholinergics

A

Produce rest and digest response and increase smooth muscle tone by binding

Have longer duration then ACH

Poorly Absorbed in GI tract and don’t cross blood brain barrier

56
Q

Direct Acting Cholinergic’s teachings and Monitor

A

Monitor: Intake and Output, Blurred Vision, Orthostatic Hypotension

Teach: Be near bathroom after taking drug, Do not drive until side effects are known, Avoid standing to long or fast position changes

57
Q

Indirect Cholinergic’s teachings and Monitor

A

Monitor: Muscle Weakness, Schedule other meds around meal time
Teach: Report severe muscle weakness, report any difficulty with vision or swallowing, take frequency rest periods.

58
Q

Indirect Acting Cholinergics

A

Stop Destruction of ACH
Intensify smooth muscle contraction
Good for Uniary or intestinal obstruction
careful with COPD patients bronchi can contact

59
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Parasympathetic

60
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Sympathetic

61
Q

Potassium K+

A

Sends and conducts nerves impulses to the heart skeletal and smooth muscles

Lost through vomiting and diarrhea

normal range 3.5-5.0

62
Q

Sodium Na+

A

Big component of blood vessels and tissue spaces
neuromuscular function and ner conduction

Lost through vomiting diarrhea some medications

63
Q

5 Main Electrolyts

A 
Sodium
Potassium
Magnesium 
Iron
Calcium
64
Q

Folic Acide

A

Needed for DNA Synthesis
Essential for CNS development in fetus
aids in production of RBCs

Chronic alcohol abuse and pregnancy
Pregnancy Category A

65
Q

Vitamin C

A

Aids in absorption of Iron

Defincies cause scurvy

66
Q

Vitamine B Complex made up of 7….

A 
B1 Thiamine
B2 Riboflavin
B3 Niacin
B5 Pantothenic Acide
B6 Pyridoxine
B7 Biotine
B9 Folate
67
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamine K

A

Need to synthesize Prothrombin and for clotting factors
Found in Plant sources (leafy greens)
Defiency could cause delayed homeostasis

68
Q

Reasons to use Fat Soluble Vitamin A

A

Essential for growth and development
proper wound healing
pigment required for night vision

69
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamine E

A

Protects cellular components and RBCs

70
Q

Magnesium Mg

A

Transmission of near muscular activity

Promotes contraction in the myocardium

71
Q

Calcium

A

Nerve and muscle activity
increase contraction of heart muscles
Promotes blood clotting
formation of bones and teeth

72
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamin D

A

Regulates calcium and phosorous
Needed for Calcium absorption
Deficiency can cause skeletal abnormalities such as rickets in chilren

Pharm (5 decks)

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