Module 12: Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence

Question 1

what etiological factors are there for ASD

Answer 1

genetic factors are considered to play a dominant role in the development of ASD

Question 2

what treatments are involved in ASD

Answer 2

• medication and nutritional supplements
• psychoeducational interventions
• academic skill facilitation and remediation
• parent training
• behavioural interventions

Question 3

what is the required duration of separation anxiety

Answer 3

4 weeks

Question 4

what are key characteristics of separation anxiety

Answer 4

• fear or anxiety that is developmentally inappropriate concerning separation from individuals who the child is attached to

Question 5

how is disruptive mood dysregulation disorder characterized

Answer 5

temper outbursts

Question 6

what is the required duration of oppositional defiant disorder

Answer 6

6 months

Question 7

what are key characteristics of operational defiant disorder

Answer 7

• angry/irritable
• argumentative/ deviant
• vindictiveness’
• annoy others on purpose, temper tantrums, spiteful, don’t take responsibility for actions

Question 8

what are key characteristics of conduct disorder

Answer 8

• aggression directed toward people and animals
• destruction of property
• deceitfulness or theft
• serious violations of rules

Question 9

what differentiates conduct disorder from oppositional defiant disorder

Answer 9

the behaviour violates the basic rights of other or major societal norms/rules

Question 10

what are some etiological factors for separation anxiety

Answer 10

• history of anxious temperament
• brain dysfunction
• classical conditioning
• genetic predispositions for amygdala dysfunction

Question 11

what are treatment methods for separation anxiety

Answer 11

• cognitive behavioural treatment

- SSRIs

Question 12

what are some etiological factors for conduct disorder

Answer 12

• genetics
• neurobiology
• early difficult temperament
• prenatal risk factors
• low IQ
• poor parenting
• peer rejection

Question 13

what are treatments for conduct disorder

Answer 13

• problem solving skills
• pharmacological interventions
• parent management training
• school and community based treatments

Question 14

what are some etiological factors for oppositional defiant disorder

Answer 14

• genetics
• neurobiology
• temperament
• prenatal risk factors
• poor parenting
• peer rejection

Question 15

what are treatments for oppositional defiant disorder

Answer 15

• problem solving skills
• pharmacological interventions
• parent management training
• school and community based treatments

Question 16

what are key characteristics of ADHD

Answer 16

• persistent pattern of inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity

Question 17

what is the required duration for diagnosis of ADHD

Answer 17

6 months

Question 18

what are some etiological factors for ADHD

Answer 18

• biological basis
• brain dysfunction
• genetics
• neurotransmitters
• environmental factors

Question 19

what are some treatments for ADHD

Answer 19

• stimulant medications
• psychoeducational interventions
• academic skill facilitation or remediation
• parent training

Question 20

what are key characteristics of autism spectrum disorder

Answer 20

• social impairment
• lack of emotional attachment
• echolalia
• lacking theory of mind
• comfort-seeking behaviours

Question 21

what are key characteristics for Asperger’s disorder

Answer 21

• social impairment

- mild version of ASD with higher intellectual functioning

Question 22

what key characteristics of dyslexia

Answer 22

• impairment in phonological processing

- difficulties with reading fluency

Question 23

what are key characteristics of dyscalculia

Answer 23

• inability to process numerical quantities
• core deficits in working memory
• deliberate avoidance of math

Question 24

what are key characteristics of Dysgraphia

Answer 24

deficits in:

• processing speed
• working memory
• executive functioning

Question 25

what are factors that predict success during intervention techniques

Answer 25

• providing students with clear knowledge of learning disabilities and compensatory strategies in order to promote self-advocacy skills
• supportive school environment
• positive relationships with effective teachers
• emotional support

Question 26

what issues are there regarding assessing and treating children?

Answer 26

• children may present different symptoms based on their cognitive stage
• changes and development of new skills
• brain maturation

Question 27

what disorders are classified as externalizing problems

Answer 27

ADHD; ODD; CD

Question 28

what disorders are classified as internalizing problems

Answer 28

SAD; Selective Mutism; RAD; Anxiety Disorders, mood disorders, DMDD

Question 29

what are some gender differences regarding different diagnosis

Answer 29

• girls were more likely than boys to be diagnoses with a mood disorder, anxiety disorder, or eating disorder
• boys were more likely than girls to be diagnosed with a behaviour disorder, or substance use disorder