Module 1.1: Power and Energy Sources 2 Flashcards
IDENTIFICATION
Defined as a machine or assembly of equipment that generates and delivers a flow of mechanical or electrical energy.
Power Plant
Steam Power Plant, Diesel Power Plant, Gas Turbine Power Plant, and Nuclear Power Plant are called ___.
Thermal Power Plant
Capacity for doing work generating heat, and emitting light.
Energy
Is the ability to change the temperature of an object or phase of a substance.
Heat
Energy is measured in ___.
Calorie, quad and joule.
Is the amount of energy or heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C.
Kilocalorie
The most important form of energy.
Electrical Energy
The conversion of energy available in different forms in nature into electrical energy is known as ___.
Generation of electrical energy
Is the primary source of energy.
Sun
Is used to run windmills which drive the small generator.
Wind Energy
Produces heat by fission on nuclei, which is generated by heat engines. It is the world’s largest source of emission-free energy.
Nuclear Energy
Is kinetic and potential energy, but is associated with the random motion of atoms in an object.
Thermal Energy
Is a form of energy that comes from chemical reactions, in which the chemical reaction is a process of oxidation.
Chemical Energy
Exists in a range of wavelengths that extends from radio waves that may be thousands of meters long to gamma rays with wavelengths as short as a million-millionth (10^-12) of a meter.
Radiant Energy
The capacity of an agent to do work.
Energy
Is a form of energy which produces the sensation of warmth.
Heat
Unit of heat.
Calorie
Is the science of many processes involved in one form of energy being changed into another.
Thermodynamics
It states that if two bodies are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, they must also be in thermal equilibrium with each other.
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
Says that energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
First Law of Thermodynamics
Is the entropy law, which says that all physical processes proceed in such a way that the availability of the energy involved decreases.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Is the law of unattainability of absolute zero temperature, which says that entropy of an ideal crystal at zero degree Kelvin is zero.
Third Law of Thermodynamics
(1) This cycle is of great value to heat power theory although it has not been possible to construct a practical plant on this cycle. It has high thermodynamics efficiency.
(2) It is a standard of comparison for all other cycles.
Carnot Cycle
(1) Steam engine and steam turbines in which steam is used as working medium follows this power plant cycle. This cycle can be carried out in four pieces of equipment joint by pipes for conveying workinf medium.
Rankine Cycle
In this cycle, steam is extracted from a suitable point in the turbine and reheated generally to the original temperature by flue gases.
Reheat Cycle
The process of extracting steam from the turbine at certain points during its expansion and using this steam for heating feed water is known as ___.
Regenerative Cycle/Regeneration or Bleeding of steam
In this cycle two working fluids are used. The mercury boiler heats the mercury into mercury vapours in a dry and saturated state.
Binary Vapour Cycle
Used in steam power plant that uses high steam pressure. The thermal efficiency of this cycle is higher than only reheat or regenerative cycle.
Reheat-Regenerative Cycle
A generating station which converts heat energy of coal combustion into electrical energy.
Steam Power Station
Overall efficiency of a steam power station.
29%
The ratio of heat equivalent of mechanical energy transmitted to the turbine shaft to the heat combustion of coal.
Thermal Efficiency
The ratio of heat equivalent of electrical output to the heat of combustion of coal.
Overall Efficiency
A generating station which utilizes the potential energy of water at a high level for the generation of electrical energy.
Hydroelectric Power Station
In a hydro-electric power station, these include dam, spillways, headworks, surge tanks, penstock and accessory works.
Hydraulic Structures
Is a barrier which stores water and creates water head.
Dam
In order to discharge the surplus water from the storage reservoir into the river on the down-stream side of the dam, ____ are used.
Spillways
Consists of the diversion structures at the head of an intake. They generally include booms and racks for diverting floating debris, sluices for by-passing debris and sediments and valves for controlling the flow of water to the turbine.
Headworks
Is a small reservoir or tank (open at the top) in which water level rises or falls to reduce the pressure swings in the conduit.
Surge tank
Are open or closed conduits which carry water to the turbines.
Penstocks
Used to convert the energy of falling water into mechanical energy.
Water Turbines
These turbines are used for high heads.
Impulse turbines
These turbines are used for low and medium heads.
Reaction turbines
Is used for low to medium heads. It consists of an outer ring of stationary guide blades fixed to the turbine casing and an inner ring of rotating blades forming the runner.
Francis turbine
Is used for low heads and large quantities of water. It is similar to francis turbine except that its runner receives water axially.
Kaplan turbine
A generating station in which diesel engine is used as the prime mover for the generation of electrical energy.
Diesel Power Station
It consists of storage tank, strainers, fuel transfer pump and all day fuel tank.
Fuel supply system
This system supplies necessary air to the engine for fuel combustion.
Air intake system
This system leads the engine exhaust gas outside the building and discharges it into atmosphere.
Exhaust system
The system keep the temperature of the engine parts within the same operating limits. This consists of a water source, pump and cooling towers.
Cooling system
This system minimizes the wear of rubbing surfaces of the engine. It comprises of lubricating oil tank, pum, filter and oil cooler
Lubricaring system
This is an arrangement to rotate the engine initially, while starting, until firing starts in the unit runs with its own power.
Engine starting system
A generating station in which nuclear energy is converted into electrical energy.
Nuclear Power Station
Heavy elements such as ____ and ____ are subjected to nuclear fission in a special apparatus known as a reactor.
Uranium (U235), Thorium (Th232)
It is an apparatus in which nuclear fuel (U235) is subjected to nuclear fission. It controls the chain reaction that starts once the fission is done.
Nuclear reactor
A generating station which employs gas turbine as the prime mover for the generation of electrical energy.
Gas Turbine Power Plant
Is a device which recovers heat from the exhaust gases of the turbine.
Regenerator
