Module 11: Disorders of Childhood Flashcards
1
Q
ADHD diagnostic criteria?
A
- Persistent pattern of:
- inattention
- distractibility
- hyperactivity
- impulseiveness
- Behavior must occur in 2 or more environments
- Get information from teachers (and caregivers)
2
Q
ADHD symptoms?
A
- restless
- always on the go
- highly distractible
- unable to wait their turn
- heedless
- frequently disruptive
3
Q
What are two classes of ADHD medications?
A
- Stimulants
- Nonstimulants
4
Q
Examples of ADHD stimulant medications?
A
Psychostimulants:
- Amphetamine (Adderall, Adderall XR, Dexedrine, Vyvanse)
- Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Focalin, Concerta)
5
Q
ADHD stimulant medications side effects?
A
- Appetite suppression
- Blood pressure elevation
- Headache
- Heart rate irregular
- Insomnia
- Irritability
- Nausea
- Psychosis
- Palpitations/Tachycardia
- Tics/Tremor
- Weight loss
6
Q
Examples of ADHD nonstimulant medications?
A
- Atomoxetine (Strattera)
- Alpha 2a agonists (clonidine/Kapvay, guanfacine/Intuniv)
- Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
7
Q
ADHD nonstimulant medications side effects?
A
Atomoxetine (Strattera):
- GI upset, fatigue, headache
Alpha 2a agonists (clonidine/Kapvay, guanfacine/Intuniv):
- Fatigue, sedation
Bupropion (Wellbutrin):
- Xerostomia (not enough saliva)
- Nausea
- Constipation
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Insomnia
8
Q
ADHD Biologic Domain nursing interventions?
A
- Modifying nutrition
- Promoting sleep hygiene
- Administering and teaching about medications
9
Q
ADHD Psychosocial Domain nursing interventions?
A
- Behavioral programs/charts
- Clear limits with clear consequences
- Predictable environment & routine
- Chunking
- Reduce Stimuli
- Family and school programming
- Confirm absorption & comprehension
10
Q
Describe Tic Disorders.
A
- Tics are are sudden, rapid, repetitive, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations.
- Motor tics: quick, jerky movements of the eyes, face, neck, and shoulders
- Phonic (vocal) tics: repetitive throat clearing, grunting, or other noises or complex sounds such as words, parts of words, or possibly obscenities
11
Q
Tourette disorder symptoms?
A
- Multiple motor and phonic tics for at least a year
- Onset: around age 3-9 years; tends to peak around 9 years old
- Tends to decline by adulthood
- Motor tics before phonic tics; waxing and waning
- Not the same as transient tics
12
Q
Tourette disorder co-morbidities?
A
- OCD (more than a third)
- ADHD (63%)
- Anxiety (49%)
13
Q
Tourette disorder pharmacologic treatment?
A
- Antipsychotics (aripiprazole, haloperidone)
- α-adrenergic receptor agonists (clonidine)
14
Q
Separation Anxiety Disorder symptoms in children?
A
- Suffer great worry or fear when faced with ordinary separations or being away from home (going to school - school phobia)
- Resist by crying or hiding from their parents when separation is about to occur
- Will express worry about harm to or permanent loss of their major attachment figure
- May also worry about their own safety
15
Q
Separation Anxiety Disorder nursing considerations?
A
- Depends on the nurse’s role (school nurse, acute care, or community practice) and relationship with the child and family.
- Sometimes the nurse is responsible for education of the child and family.
- If the child is receiving medication, administration of medications and education should be implemented.
- Nurses are involved in educating teachers and serving as a liaison between treating physicians, family and child, and school.
