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NURS320 > Module 11 > Flashcards

Module 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Values come from

A

family, work, environment, and culture

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2
Q

Values

A

Belief about the worth of something, about what matters, and acts as a guideline for behavior

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3
Q

Value System

A

Organization of values in which each are ranked along a continuum of importance often leading to a personal code of ethics

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4
Q

5 Common Modes of Value Transmission

A 
Modeling
Moralizing
Laissez Faire
Rewarding and Punishing
Responsible choice
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5
Q

Modeling

A

Value transmission mode where children learn what is of high or low value by observing parents, peers, and significant others

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6
Q

Moralizing

A

Mode of value transmission that is TAUGHT by a parent or institution - Little opportunities are thus available to see other values

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7
Q

Laissez-faire

A

Mode of value transmission that leaves children to explore values on their own (no single set of values is presented as best for all) and to develop a personal value system

Little to no guidance exists which can lead to confusion or conflict

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8
Q

Rewarding and Punishing

A

Mode of value transmission where children are rewarded for demonstrating values held by parents and punished for demonstrating unacceptable values

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9
Q

Responsible Choice

A

mode of value transmission where children are encouraged to explore competing values and to weigh their consequences

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10
Q

Value Clarification

A

Process by which people come to understand their own values and value system

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11
Q

3 Main Activities of the Valuing Process

A
  1. Choosing
  2. Prizing (Treasuring)
  3. Acting
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12
Q

Choosing

A

first activity of the valuing process

Choosing freely from alternative after careful consideration of the consequences of each alternative

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13
Q

Prizing (Treasuring)

A

second activity of the valuing process

Involves pride, happiness, and public affirtmation

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14
Q

Acting

A

third activity of the valuing process

Combining choice into one’s behavior with consistency and regularity on the value

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15
Q

Professional Values

A

values not taught by parents

Altruism
Autonomy
Human Dignity
Integrity
Social Justice
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16
Q

Altruism

A

Professional value of concern for welfare and well being of others

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17
Q

Autonomy

A

professional value of right to self-ddetermination

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18
Q

Human dignity

A

professional value of respect for inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations

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19
Q

Integrity

A

Professional value of acting according to code of ethics and standards of practice

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20
Q

Social justice

A

professional value of upholding moral, legal, and human rights

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21
Q

Types of Ethics

A

Bioethics
Nursing Ethics
Feminist Ethics

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22
Q

Bioethics

A

encompasses a number of fields of “life sciences”

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23
Q

Nursing Ethics

A

formal study of ethical issues that arise in the practice of nursing

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24
Q

Feminist Ethics

A

critiques existing patterns of oppression and domination in society especially affecting women and the poor

25
Q

Ethics

A

system dealing with standards of character and behavior related to what is right and wrong

more universal right versus wrong rather than personal morals

26
Q

Morals

A

Life ethics, concerned with what constitutes right action; more informal and personal than the term ethics

This is the persons sense of right or wrong (rather than ethics where it is more universal)

27
Q

2 Categories of Action Guiding Theory

A
  1. Utilitarian

2. Deontological

28
Q

Utilitarian

A

the rightness of wrongness of the action depends on the consequences of the action

29
Q

Deontologic

A

an action is right or wrong independent of its consequences

30
Q

Example of nursing utilitarianism versus deontological thought?

A

A nurse may believe abortion is right because the consequence is good for the mother (utilitarian) while another says its not right because it takes a life (deontological)

31
Q

Beauchamp and Childress Principle Based Approach to Bioethics

A

Things nurses should do for a code of ethics:

  1. Autonomy
  2. Nonmaleficence
  3. Beneficence
  4. Justice
  5. Fidelity
  6. Veracity, Accountability, Privacy, Confidentiality (V-CAP)
32
Q

Auto0nomy

A

respect rights of patient to make health care decisions

33
Q

Nonmaleficence

A

avoiding causing harm

34
Q

Beneficence

A

benefit the patient

35
Q

Justice

A

Give each patient his/her due and act fairly

36
Q

Fidelity

A

keep promises

37
Q

Care based approach to bioethics includes what characteristics?

A
  1. Centrality of the caring relationship
  2. promotion of dignity and respect for patients as people
  3. attention to the particulars of individual patients
  4. cultivation of responsiveness to others
  5. redefinition of fundamental moral skills to include virtues
38
Q

Virtues

A

human excellences; cultivated dispositions of character and conduct that motivate and enable us to be good human beings

39
Q

Important Virtues for Nurses

A 
Competent
Compassionate
Self Efficacy
Trustworthiness
Intellect
consciousness
Practical Wisdom
Humility
Courage
Integrity
40
Q

Ethical Conduct

A

practice based on professional standards of ethical conduct as well as professional values

41
Q

When conducting oneself ethically, a nurse should …

A

Cultivate the virtues of nursing

understand the ethical theories that dictate and justify professional conduct

be familiar with code of ethics for nurses and standards for professional nursing conduct

42
Q

What are the purposes of the code of ethics for nurses?

A

It is a succinct statement of the ethical obligations and duties of every nurse

It is the profession’s nonnegotiable ethical standard

It is an expression of nursing’s own understanding of its commitment to society

43
Q

What are the ICN guidelines for nursing students to achieve purpose of code of ethics?

A

Study the standards under each element of the code

Reflect on what each standards means to you

Discuss the code with coworkers and others

Use a specific example from experience to identify ethical dilemmas and standards of conduct in the code

Work in groups to clarify ethical decision making, and reach consensus on standards of ethical conduct

Collaborate with other professionals to apply standards in practice, education, management, and research

44
Q

7 Basic Tenets of Bill of Rights for RN (Things an RN must be able to do)

A
  1. Practice in a manner that fulfills obligations to society and to those who received nursing care
  2. Practice in an environments that allow them to act in accordance with professional standards and legally authorized scopes of practice
  3. Work in an environment that supports and facilitates ethical practice, in accordance with the Code of Ethics for Nurses
  4. Freely and openly advocate for themselves and their patients, without fear of retution
  5. Receive fair compensation for their work, consistent with their knowledge, experience, and professional responsibilities
  6. Practice in a work environment that is safe for themselves and their patients
  7. Negotiate the conditions of their employment, either as individuals or collectively, in all practice settings
45
Q

Moral Distress Education Project

A

Rosenthal and Clay (2015)

The aim of this project is to educate, inform, and destigmatize moral distress

Nurse leaders met to explore strats to develop destigmatize moral distress an their summary resulted in a group consensus on recommendations for addressing moral distress, and builds moral resilience in certain areas

46
Q

What areas did the Moral Distress Education Project build Moral Resilience in?

A

Practice
Education
Research
Policy

47
Q

Steps to Rising Above Moral Distress

A

Ask –> Affirm –> Assess –> Act - - - > REPEAT

As you ID an issue this helps decrease moral distress

48
Q

Ways to Develop Moral Resilience

A

Cultivating good relationships

Accepting that change is a part of live

Refusing to view crises as insurmountable

Nurturing a positive view of self and taking care of self

Keeping things in perspective

49
Q

Ethical Dilemma

A

situation that arises when attempted adherence to basic ethical principles results in two conflicting courses of action

(2 or more clear moral principles apply but support mutually inconsistent courses of action)

50
Q

Ethical Distress

A

occurs when the nurse knows what is the right thing to do, but either personal or institutional factors make it difficult to follow the correct course of action

51
Q

How can the nursing process be used to make an ethical decision?

A
  1. Assess the situation by gathering data
  2. Diagnose (ID) the ethical problem
  3. Plan (ID options, think ethical problem through, make a decision)
  4. Implement your decision
  5. evaluate your decision
52
Q

Example of Ethical Problems

A

Paternalism

Deception

Privacy

Confidentiality

Allocation of scarce nursing resources

Valid consent or refusal

Conflicts concerning new technologies

Unprofessional, incompetent, unethical, or illegal physician practice

Unprofessional, incompetent, unethical, illegal nurse practice

Short staffing and whistle-blowing

beginning-of -life issues

End-of-life issues

53
Q

Which provisions bring ethical committees together?

A

Provision 2 and 5

54
Q

What are the four functions of ethical committees?

A
  1. Education
  2. Policy Making
  3. Case Review
  4. consultation

(They also can occasionally be for research)

55
Q

Advocacy

A

protection and supports of another’s rights

56
Q

What is advocacy in nursing practice?

A

Primary Commitment to the patient

prioritization of good of individual patient rather than society in general

Evaluation of competing claims of patient’s autonomy and patient well being

57
Q

Areas of Concern for Patient Advocates

A

Representation of Patients

Promoting Self-Determination

Whistle Blowing

Being politically active

58
Q

Whistle Blowing

A

Responsibility to report unsafe patient care

59
Q

A nurse makes ethical, moral, and advocates for ____

A

THE PATIENT (YOU ARE THERE FOR THE PATIENT)

NURS320 (12 decks)

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