module 11 Flashcards
Fundamentalism refers to
a belief, a movement, or an
agitation for a return to foundational truth embedded
in basic religious philosophy/text.
fundamentalism contracts sharply with
liberal ideology or modernity
According to Anson (2011), fundamentalism …..
became
popular in 1910 after the publication of a series by
two brothers who were businessmen – The Fundamentals.
what was the purpose of fundamentalism
The purpose was to promote biblical inerrancy
Post modernists have suggested that the rise
of fundamentalism may be due to:
A) A response to secularization especially a
perceived decline of morality.
B) A response to social change e.g family
diversity, gender equality, abortion rights.
Their aim is to re-affirm the true religion.
C) A response to globalization,
especially the increasing influence of
Western consumerism and materialism
whose decadence is seen by some
members of less developed societies as
a threat to their faith and identity.
Characteristics of Fundamentalism (6)
1) Infallible interpretation of religious
texts and theology literally and
selectively.
2) Aversion towards modern science.
3) Rejection of religious pluralism
and intolerance of other religions.
oMonotheism.
4) Patriarchal control is regarded as the
norm.
5)Traditional and conservative
is favoured at the expense of the modern
and liberal which are interpreted as
morally corrupt.
6) Probable world hegemony.
what establishment made the tentacle of fundamentalism broadened
the Ikwan al
Muslimin (Muslim Brotherhood) by Hassan al
Banna in Egypt in the late 1920s
what happened to he Ikwan al
Muslimin (Muslim Brotherhood) by Hassan al
Banna in Egypt by the 1930s
it spread to Syria and Lebanon,
among other places
According to Anson Shupe (2011:480),
Islamic fundamentalism favours the marriage
of faith, state, and patriarchy such that
policies and social events reflect a
“Pan-islam that must be converted abroad in
order to create an ideal ummah (an
an international community of like-minded
believers).”
Cases of fundamentalist push-pull forces
include (6):
- Hinduist fundamentalism
- Sikhist fundamentalism
- Buddhist fundamentalism
- Japanese Shintoism
- (Modern) Confucianism (especially non-
Occidental/Western regions combatting
Westernization) - The Fundamentalism Project
Globalization of fundamentalism is a
reversal process that aims at undoing
the supposed ills of occidental
civilization
how does globalization undo the supposed ills of occidental civilization?
- Resisting institutional differentiation.
- Nationalist rebirth
Fundamentalism Gobalized: Reclamation and proclamation
of authority over sacred affairs as an
antidote to straying humanity
Fundamentalism Globalized. Repositioning religion to its
original
centrality
Fundamentalism Globalized. Localization of movements with a view to
achieving
regional and
finally global outlook.
Science is not bad but must be used in
accordance with
traditional religious terms
It is more accurate to say that fundamentalisms are ____ _____ in the science they
appropriate as an end to achieve the paramount
mission of _____ ____ _____
pragmatically selective
theologically realigning society.
fundamentalists do not automatically eschew science instead they
appropriate it solely on
their (re-sacralized) terms.
the argument for generic fundamentalist
complaint has been that institutional
differentiation renders
religion compartmentalized
How does institutional differentiation diminish religion’s authority to define priorities in private affairs and public policies, leading to the generic fundamentalist complaint? ( How does “institutional differentiation” weaken religion’s power in society?)
It makes religion just one voice among many, instead of the main one. This means religion has less say in how people live and how society is run.
differentiation is marked by
increasing
cultural diversity through immigration, cross-
national employment opportunities, among other
Fundamentalist movements are more than remedial
efforts to restore
sacred cultural anchors
Fundamentalists perceive themselves as
lacking , or
barely hanging on to cultural hegemony as underdogs
in a constantly threatening secularist world that
wishes them at worst destroyed and at best rendered
irrelevant.
Religious fundamentalists are driven to seek and/or
maintain a
majoritarian position even at the
price eliminating other small pluralities.
Violence is a tool for
consolidation in the
name of reinstating a sacred regime under such
conditions.
Ayatollah
Khomeini of Iran
preached
martyrdom, whether against the Great Satan of
the Christian West (principally the United
States) or other Muslim believers who did not
share the same vision of Islamic revolution
assassination of India’s
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1984 by …..? is example of?
the Islamic Taliban
regime in Afghanistan and the Sikh
fundamentalist extremists
example of fundamentalism and violence
Other kinds of fundamentalisms are put forward to
combat supposed religious anarchy:
e.g., fascism,
Marxism, Nazism, and some variants of politically
motivated civil rights movements against religion
(e.g., antisemitism and the Quite Revolution)
Catherine Wallace
profoundly explicated the
political economy
of religiously motivated violence.
.Complex spiritual summons has _____ ____- who said this
political
implications
Catherine Wallace
______ ______ can take several
forms, all of them malignant. who said this
radical passivity - catherine wallace
Violence elicits more ____. That
endless spiral is the tragedy of human
history. As our weapons have become more
advanced, the cycle of vengeance and
revenge for vengeance has become more
primitive, faster, and more devastating. who said this
violence
catherine wallace
A seeming independent world system never
successfully evolves because
in moving toward that
end, some religious traditions and national
identities are threatened with becoming
irrelevant and thus need to reassert themselves.
Threatened globalization begins a process of
reversal
religion becomes the core set of values
around which ____ ____ while _____
becomes a frequent accessory after the fact.
resentment clusters
nationalism
religion has played a significant role in
the process of
globalization
religion has played a significant role in
the process of globalization, especially when we
consider the expansion of
world religions such as
Islam and Christianity.
globalization and fundamentalism
are
two sides of the same dialectic coin.
* Because every religion (theism and non-theism) is
laced with emotional elements, religious
sentimentality can be used for perpetrating
violence or to negotiate peaceful coexistence.
Because every religion (theism and non-theism) is
laced with _____ ____, religious
sentimentality can be used to perpetrate
emotional elements
violence or to negotiate peaceful coexistence
