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Medical Technology Laws and Bioethics > MODULE 10: UNIT 1 - Water Analysis Laboratories > Flashcards

MODULE 10: UNIT 1 - Water Analysis Laboratories Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

It is also known as the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW) of 2017

A

DOH A.O. 2017-0010

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2
Q

It is also known as the Rules and Regulations Governing the Accreditation of Laboratories for Drinking Water Analysis

A

DOH A.O. 2006-0024

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3
Q

What is the objectives of the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW) of 2017?

A

This A.O. shall prescribe the standards and procedures on drinking-water quality to
protect public/consumer’s health.

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4
Q

The PNSDW of 2017 shall apply to all drinking water service providers including?

you can just read

A

Government and private developers and operators
Bulk water suppliers
Water refilling station operators & Water vending machine operators
Ice manufacturers
All food establishments
Residential, commercial, industrial and Institutional buildings that use/supply/serve drinking water
Water testing laboratories
Health and sanitation authorities

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5
Q

Physical and chemical quality of water that refers to the appearance, taste and odor of drinking-water satisfactory to the consumer

A

Acceptability

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6
Q

Drinking-water supplied to water service providers or associated infrastructures including pumping stations, reservoirs, and pipe lines

A

Bulk water supply

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7
Q

A person who underwent training for drinking-water sampling and certified by DOH.

A

Certified sampling personnel

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8
Q

A general term referring to the presence of substances found in water that make water less desirable or unfit for drinking

A

Contamination

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9
Q

Water intended for direct human consumption or for use in food preparation and related processes.

A

Drinking-water

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10
Q

The analyte concentration that produces a signal sufficiently stronger than the blank, such that it can be detected with a specified level of reliability during routine operation. Typically, it is the concentration that produces the signal above the reagent water blank signal, and should have a defined precision and bias at the level.

A

Limits of Quantitation (LOQ)

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11
Q

The highest level of contaminant that is allowed in drinking-water.

A

Maximum Allowable Level (MAL)

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12
Q

The constituent/contaminant concentration that when processed through the complete method, produces a signal with a 99% probability that is different from the blank.

A

Method Detection Limit (MDL)

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13
Q

Drinking water must be clear and does not have objectionable _____, _____, and _____.

A

Taste, Odor, and Color.

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14
Q

The quality of drinking-water shall be measured in terms of its ____________, ________, ________ and _________ constituents.

A

Microbiological, Physical, Chemical, and Radiological

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15
Q

Give the meaning of the acronym:

MTFT

A

Multiple Tube Fermentation Technique

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16
Q

Give the meaning of the acronym:

EST

A

Enzyme Substrate Test

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17
Q

Give the meaning of the acronym:

MFT

A

Membrane Filter Technique

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18
Q

Give the meaning of the acronym:

CFU

A

Colony Forming Units

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19
Q

Under the parameter Total Coliform, what are the standard values of the following?

MTFT
EST
MFT

A

MTFT
< 1.1 MPN/ 100 mL

EST
Absent or <1 MPN/100 mL

MFT
<1 Total Coliform colonies/ 100mL

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20
Q

Under the parameter Thermotolerant Coliform/ E.coli, what are the standard values of the following?

MTFT
EST
MFT

A

MTFT
< 1.1 MPN/ 100 mL

EST
Absent or <1 MPN/100 mL

MFT
<1 Thermotolerant coliform colonies/ 100mL

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21
Q

Under the parameter Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC), what is the standard value?

A

<500 CFU/ mL

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22
Q

The parameters of drinking-water quality shall be classified as?

A

Mandatory
Primary
Secondary

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23
Q

What are the parameters under Mandatory drinking-water quality?

A

NTTTACEDLCP

N - Nitrate
T - Thermotolerant Coliform
T - Turbidity
T - Total Dissolved Solids
A - Arsenic
C - Color (Apparent)
E - E. coli
D - Disinfectant Residual
L - Lead
C - Cadmium
P - pH

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24
Q

What are the parameters under Secondary drinking-water quality?

A

HIXZACCMOSTT

H- Hydrogen Sulfide
I - Iron
X - Xylene
Z -Zinc
A - Aluminum
C - Chloride
C - Copper
M - Manganese
O - Odor
S - Sodium
T - Taste
T - Total coliform

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25
Q

What examination shall be conducted for new or newly constructed water sources?

A

Initial examination

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26
Q

What examination shall be conducted for existing water sources; and shall cover microbiological, physical, chemical and radiological parameters?

A

Periodic Examination

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27
Q

True or False:
Only certified sampling personnel shall collect water samples for regulatory purposes.

A

True

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28
Q

All water samples for regulatory purposes shall be examined only in _______________________.

A

DOH-Accredited Laboratory

29
Q

Examination of water samples for radiologic quality shall be done by the ______________________________.

A

Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI).

30
Q

What are the 3 levels of water supply service?

A

Level 1 - point source
Level 2 - communal faucet system or stand post
Level 3 - waterworks system

31
Q

Identify what level of water supply service is described?

A protected well or developed spring with an outlet but without a distribution system as it is generally adaptable for rural areas where the houses are thinly scattered.

A

Level 1 - point source

32
Q

Level 1 - point source serves an average of ____ households with people having to fetch water from up to ______meters distance.

A

15 households
250 meters

33
Q

Identify what level of water supply service is described?

A piped system with communal or public faucets.

A

Level 2 - communal faucet system or stand post

34
Q

Level 2 - communal faucet system or stand post serves ______ households within _____ meters distance

A

4-6 households
25 meters

35
Q

Identify what level of water supply service is described?

A fully reticulated system with individual house connections based on a daily water demand of more than _____ Liters per person

A

Level 3 - waterworks system

100 Liters

36
Q

What is the minimum frequency of sampling for Total coliform and thermotolerant coliform/E.coli of Level 1 and Level 2?

A

Level 1 - 1 sample every 3 months

Level 2 - 1 sample every month

37
Q

What is the minimum frequency of sampling for Total coliform and thermotolerant coliform/E.coli of Level 3 based on the population served?

  • Less than 5000
  • 5000 to 100,000
  • More than 100,000
A

Less than 5000 =
2 samples monthly

5000 to 100,000 =
1 sample per 5000 population + 2 additional samples monthly

More than 100,000 =
1 sample per 10,000 population + 12 additional samples monthly

38
Q

What is the minimum frequency of sampling for Total coliform and thermotolerant coliform/E.coli of all buildings (residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional buildings) based on the population served?

  • Less than or equal to 600
  • More than 600
A

Less than or equal to 600=
1 sample every other month

More than 600 =
1 sample monthly

39
Q

What is the minimum frequency of sampling for Total coliform and thermotolerant coliform/E.coli of food establishments?

A

One sample every other month

40
Q

What is the minimum frequency of sampling for Total coliform and thermotolerant coliform/E.coli of ice plants?

A

One sample a month

41
Q

True or false:

Level 1 needs to conduct a sampling for Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC)

A

False - not required

42
Q

What is the minimum frequency of sampling for HPC of Level 2

A

1 sample every other month (required if treated)

43
Q

What is the minimum frequency of sampling for HPC of Level 3 based on population served?

  • Less than 5000
  • 5000 to 100,000
  • More than 100,000
A

Less than 5000 =
2 samples monthly

5000 to 100,000
1 sample per 5000 + additional 2 samples monthly

More than 100,000 =
Required, at least 40% of sampling points

44
Q

What is the minimum frequency of sampling for HPC of all buildings (residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional buildings) based on the population served?

  • Less than or equal to 600
  • More than 600
A

Less than or equal to 600 =
1 sample every other month

More than 600 =
Once a month

45
Q

What is the minimum frequency of sampling for HPC of food establishments?

A

1 sample every other month

46
Q

What is the minimum frequency of sampling for HPC of ice plants?

A

1 sample a month

47
Q

All standard values of mandatory parameters shall be applicable to product water
from refilling stations and vending machines, except for the standard values of ____
and _____________________.

A

pH
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

48
Q

The pH value shall be ____ while the TDS levels of the product water shall not exceed _________ to validate the efficiency of reverse osmosis or distilled process.

A

5-7
10 mg/L

49
Q

Water from mobile tanks shall have chlorine residual (as free chlorine) of at least _______ but not to exceed to _______ at the point of delivery.

A

0.5 mg/L
1.5 mg/L

50
Q

Bulk water supply shall maintain chlorine residual (as free chlorine) level between ________to ________ or chlorine dioxide residual between__________ to _________ sampling
requirements.

A

0.3 mg/L to 1.5 mg/L
0.2 mg/L to 4.0 mg/L

51
Q

Drinking-water service providers shall consult the ______________________________________ or __________________for the interpretations of results.

A

DOH/Local Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Committee (LDWQMC)
Local health officer

52
Q

In case of exceedance of standard values of physical and chemical parameters, monitoring shall be carried out for the ________________________________

A

Next three (3) consecutive months

53
Q

In emergency water parameters, during the first _______, temporary supply of water shall be provided by the local government unit (LGU).

A

72 hours

54
Q

The _______ shall exercise its regulatory function for
the initial issuance of the Certificate of
Accreditation and the ____ shall be responsible for
the renewal of accreditation provided that
appropriate training had been given.

A

BHFS
CHD

55
Q

The _______ shall conduct proficiency testing,
confirmatory testing and personnel training
relative to the accreditation of the laboratories.

A

NRL

56
Q

The preventive suspension shall not be more than how many days?

A

60 DAYS

57
Q

How many days can a laboratory or a personnel file a notice of appeal with the Office of the Secretary and serve a copy of the notice of appeal to the BHFS/CHD?

A

15 days

58
Q

Submitted applications that are not processed within ___________ shall be granted the Certificate of Accreditation.

A

60 days

59
Q

Freestanding laboratories shall have at a minimum of ___ sq.
meter workspace requirement.

A

20

60
Q

The operation of the laboratory shall be under the direction and
supervision of a competent professional who has management training
and at least ________ experience in the theory and practice of
procedures used in water testing.

A

3 years

61
Q

The analyst involved in the performance of laboratory procedures must
have the appropriate baccalaureate degree and at least _________
experience in water testing procedures relevant to the service
capability of the laboratory.

A

2 years

62
Q

The laboratory aide must have training or at least of _________ experience
on clerical support and sampling.

A

6 months

63
Q

There shall be a minimum of __ laboratory personnel for each service
capability. There shall be a minimum of ___ laboratory personnel for multi-service capability

A

3 personnel for each service capability
4 personnel for multi-service capability

64
Q

All laboratory records shall be retained in the premises for a minimum of
______________.

A

5 years

65
Q

The laboratory shall conduct an internal quality audit at least every ___
months.

A

6 months

66
Q

The certificate of Accreditation is valid for _______ and expires on the last day of ______________stated therein.

A

2 years
December

67
Q

Failure to submit an application for renewal of
accreditation within ___________ of expiration date of the current Certificate of Accreditation will result in lapse of accreditation and cancellation of
registration. A new application for the issuance of accreditation shall be
required before a laboratory can be allowed to operate.

A

60 days

68
Q

Failure to report in writing within ____ days of any substantial change in the
condition of the laboratory (e.g. changes in the physical plant, equipment, or
personnel) may be a basis for the suspension or revocation of the accreditation.

A

15 days

Medical Technology Laws and Bioethics (9 decks)

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