Module 10

Question 1

Minerals: characteristics

Answer 1

a. Se- New zealand/china deficiency
b. Zn- lozenges
c. I- among top 3 nutrition deficiencies

Question 2

Iron

Answer 2

2-5g iron in body
1. function/metabolic purposes
2. storage (liver) - storage as ferritin
3. Transport- from liver stores to bone marrow (RBC synthesis)

Question 3

Stages of iron Depletion

Answer 3

1. progressive decrease in liver stores
2. exhastion of liver stores
3. IDA: Iron deficient anemia

Question 4

Iron Bioavailability

Answer 4

1. total iron intake
2. form of iron
3. inhibitory compounds (decreased Fe absorption
4. intake of other minerals

Question 5

I iron chelating substances

Answer 5

-heme
- ascorbic acid
- amino acids
- sugars

Question 6

II iron-complexing/precipitating substance

Answer 6

• phytates
• oxalates
  -tannins
  -phosphates

Question 7

Calcium functions

Answer 7

-enzyme cofactor
-nerve conduction
- muscle contraction
- blood clotting

Question 8

Calcium and bone health

Answer 8

Calcium Absorption: tend to absorb 30-50% Ca from foods
Calcium in bone: exists as a complex (hydroxyapatite)

Question 9

Factors affecting calcium balance

Answer 9

1. phosphorous (p)- widely found in diet (meat, colas, processed foods)
2. Protein: excess animal protein excess loss of Ca from body
3. Precipitating and chelating substances
4. physical activity
5. smoking
6. alcohol
7. salt
   8 vegetables and fruit (potassium citrate)

Question 10

Sodium Roles

Answer 10

• fluid balance
• muscle contraction
• nerve conduction

Question 11

phytochemicals

Answer 11

not essential for life
- appear to be important for optimal health and chronic disease mitigation

Question 12

Nutraceuticals

Answer 12

Pill/pardon- pharmacuticals