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Psychology > Module 10 > Flashcards

Module 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of psychopathy?

A
  • Arrogant, deceitful interpersonal style
  • Deficient affective experiences
  • Impulsive and irresponsible behaviours
  • Early onset and diverse antisocial behaviours
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2
Q

What percent of the population would meet the criteria for psychopathy?

A

1%

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of assessments for psychopathy?

A
  • Self report inventories
  • Informant rating
  • Clinical rating
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4
Q

What is the most common psychopathy assessment?

A

Psychopathy checklist-revised (PCL-R)

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5
Q

What is the psychopathy checklist-revised (PCL-R)?

A
  • Semi structured interview and file review
  • 20 item questionnaire
  • 3 point scale (0,1,2)
  • total score of 40 (>30 = psychopathy)
  • Scored by qualified professional
  • Youth version = PCL:YV
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6
Q

Do male or female criminals score higher on PCL-R?

A

Males

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7
Q

What are the 4 facets of psychopathy?

A
  • Interpersonal
  • Affective
  • Lifestyle
  • Antisocial
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8
Q

What are the traits of the first facet, interpersonal?

A
  • Glib/superficial
  • Grandiose
  • Lying
  • Manipulative
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9
Q

What are the traits of the second facet, affective?

A
  • Lack of remorse
  • Shallow affect
  • Lack of empathy
  • Not responsible
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10
Q

What are the traits of the third facet, lifestyle?

A
  • Needs stimulation
  • Parasitic lifestyle
  • Lack of goals
  • Impulsivity
  • Irresponsibility
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11
Q

What are the traits of the fourth facet, antisocial?

A
  • Poor behaviour controls
  • Early behaviour problems
  • Delinquency
  • Criminal versatility
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12
Q

What is antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)?

A
  • Moderate to great impairment of self and relationships
  • Elevations on 6 of the 7 criteria
  • Manipulativeness
  • Callousness
  • Deceitfulness
  • Hostility
  • Risk taking
  • Impulsivity
  • Irresponsibility
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13
Q

What are the psychopathic specifiers in addition to ASPD?

A

Need the following traits
- Low anxiousness
- Low withdrawal
- High attention-seeking

  • Meanness
  • Disinhibition
  • Boldness (not really a negative)
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14
Q

What are the 4 ethical problems with the PCL-R?

A
  • Unqualified users (no manual or degree)
  • Lack of specific expertise (no training)
  • Deviation from recommended procedure (no interview)
  • Violation of test security (materials sent to unqualified people)
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15
Q

What 3 things should we base our decision to assess psychopathic traits for use in the CJS?

A
  • Sound assessment procedures
  • Empirical evidence
  • Ethical principles
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16
Q

Nature Vs. Nurture?

A
  • Nature: how you are born. Out of control.
  • Nurture: Things we can control. Things your taught, environment.
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17
Q

What is the concordance rate?

A

Percentage of two individuals who match one another on a specific trait or characteristic

18
Q

Is there heritability with psychopathy?

A

moderate heritability (around 50%)

19
Q

What part if the brain is important to psychopathy?

A
  • Prefrontal cortex
  • Striatum
  • Amygdala/hippocampus
20
Q

Is activation increased or decreased for negative emotional stimuli?

A

Increased

21
Q

What is the striatum involved in and how does it differ in psychopaths?

A
  • Voluntary movement, decision making and processing rewards
  • Increased volume in psychopaths
  • Reward oriented; less affected by consequences
22
Q

What is the amygdala/hippocampus involved in and how does it differ in psychopaths?

A
  • Emotion/memory centre
  • Less blood flow/less processing of emotional stimuli
  • Less affected by fear
23
Q

When is the startle reflex magnified?

A

When a person is in negative emotional state/feels threatened

24
Q

When is the startle reflex reduced?

A

When a person is in positive emotional state.

25
Q

What is the startle reflex mediated by?

A

Amygdale

26
Q

How does the startle reflex differ between nonpsychopaths and psychopaths?

A

No real significant difference. Although they seem to have a higher startle for pleasant things

27
Q

What is the interaction model?

A

Individual is born with certain predisposition and through interaction with environmental factors (neglect, abuse), psychopathic traits may develop.

28
Q

What is factor 1? What is it influenced by?

A

Interpersonal and affective traits (Callous-unemotional traits)
- Genetics

29
Q

What is factor 2? What is it influenced by?

A

Impulsive-antisocial behaviour
- Environment

30
Q

What factor decreases with age and which is stable?

A
  • Factor 2 decrease
  • Factor 1 stable
31
Q

What 3 things are necessary to be successful at manipulating others?

A
  • Read cues of vulnerability in others
  • Avoid detection by appearing to be trustworthy
  • Display a range of emotions even if you don’t feel them
32
Q

Offenders with what factor being higher are more likely to report using gait cues?

A

Factor 1

33
Q

What are the 2 murder classifications?

A
  • reactive
  • Instrumental
34
Q

What is a reactive murder?

A
  • Unplanned
  • Crimes of passion
  • Extreme provocation
35
Q

What is an instrumental murder?

A
  • Planned
  • Settle a score
  • Cold blooded
36
Q

Is a high PCL-R associated with reactive or instrumental murder?

A

Instrumental

37
Q

Is a low PCL-R associated with reactive or instrumental murder?

A

Reactive

38
Q

People with psychopathic traits =

A

more violent

39
Q

What were the 5 limitations of the rice study on psychopathy and treatment?

A
  • No treatment change assessment
  • Limited professionals involved
  • Limited criminogenic needs targeted
  • Treatment integrity not monitored
  • Single source used for outcome measure
40
Q

What is the result of treatment for psychopaths?

A

Greater precent go one to commit violent crimes. Makes them worse.

Psychology (5 decks)

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