Module 1: Week 1 Int to Human Body Flashcards
What is anatomy?
The science of body structures and the relationship between them
What is physiology?
The science of body functions - how the body works.
Branches of Anatomy
- Embryology - 1st 8 week’s life
- Developmental biology - fertilisation-death
- Cell Biology - cell structure/function
- Histology - microscopic structures of tissue
- Gross Anatomy - bigger structures see with eye
- Systemic Anatomy; structures of systems - respiratory, circulatory
- Regional Anatomy - surface marking on outside of inside organs
- Imaging Anatomy - structures able to be seen with scans/x-rays
- Pathological Anatomy - structural changes gross to microscopic assoc. with disease
Physiology Branches:
Neurophysiology - functions nerve cells; Endocrinology - functions of hormones; Cardiovascular Physiology - functions of heart/blood vessels; Respiratory Physiology - functions of airways/lungs; Renal Physiology - function of kidneys; Exercise Physiology - cell changes/organ function/muscle activity; Pathophysiology - functional changes related to diseases
Structural organisation - smallest to biggest
- Chemical level
- Cellular level
- Tissue level
- Organ level
- Organ system level
- Organismal level
What is the chemical level?
Atoms (smallest particles)
Molecules (2 or more atoms)
What is the cellular level?
Cells - basic structural/functional units
Many, many cells in body
What is the tissue level?
Multiple cells of the same type. Have a common function.
What is the organ level?
Multiple tissue types working together with a common function.
What is the organ system level?
Numerous organs working within one system with common function.
What is the organismal level?
All systems in the body working together to keep the body well and in homeostasis.
Which atoms are essential for life?
Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (C), sulphur (S)
List 4 types of tissue:
- Epithelial tissue
- Connective tissue
- Muscular tissue
- Nervous tissue
Epithelial tissue:
Covers body surfaces. Lines cavities, organs, glands etc
Connective tissue:
Connects, supports organs.
Muscular tissue:
Contracts body to move. Generates heat.
Nervous tissue:
Transports signals/info one part of body to another
How many organ systems are there?
11
Describe the integumentary system:
Skin, hair, fingernails, toenails, sweat glands, oil glands
Functions: protects body, regulates temperature, helps form vitamin D, allows body senses
Describe the skeletal system:
bone, cartilage, joints
Function: Supports body structure, protects body, structure for muscles to attach to, allows body to move
Describe the muscular system:
3 types of muscles: skeletal, smooth and cardiac
Functions: helps body move, helps body posture, produces heat
Describe the nervous system:
brain, spinal cord, nerves, eyes, ears
Functions: nerve impulses communicate to the body, regulate body activities, detects change in environments (in and out of body), manages reactions to changes.
Describe the endocrine system:
pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes and hormone-producing cells. Glands secreting hormones that act as messengers in the body, targeting specific cells/organs.
Describe the cardiovascular system:
heart, blood, blood vessels - heart pumps blood around the body. Delivers nutrients, oxygen, removes CO2 and waste.