Module 1 : Venous Circulatory System Flashcards
1
Q
Heart
A
- four chambered
- right half circulated blood from body to lungs
- left half circulates blood from lungs around body
- right side littler peripheral resistance means low pressure ( walls thinner)
- left side same volume greater peripheral resistance ( walls thicker)
2
Q
Resistance vessels
A
- muscular arterioles and precapillary sphincters
- provide principle resistance to blood flow
- govern pressure and amount of blood flow
3
Q
Exchange vessels
A
- single cell capillary walls exchange gasses and nutrients
- lymph capillaries coexist with blood capillaries and exchange anything from liquid to cells
- lymphatics locates alongside veins to absorb excess fluid
4
Q
Capacitance vessels
A
- venules are tributaries to Vein and collect blood from capillary beds
- low pressure blood reservoir where blood returns to heart
- paired veins called vena combatants accompany arteries
5
Q
Valves
A
- counter gravity to stop or reverse flow of blood in veins
- reflux blood pours into pockets causing leaflets to close and stop flow
- found where tributary joins larger veins at intervals along main veins
- lower extremities have the most valves cause of more gravity
6
Q
Blood
A
- average total amount is 5L
- most common blood cell is erythrocyte( red blood cell RBC) transport O2
- second most common is leukocyte (white blood cell WBC)
- platelets which assist in clotting
- plasma
7
Q
Orientation of vasculature
A
- proximal = closer to the heart
- distal = further from heart
8
Q
Vein anatomy
A
Tunica intima (forms valves)- tunica media - tunica adventitia
9
Q
Vasa vasorum
A
- found in tunica adventitia
- network of tiny vessels that supply walls of large veins and arteries with nutrients and oxygen
10
Q
Valves
A
- unique to venous systems
- bicuspid
- arise from intima
- one way flow
- in upper and lower extremities
- number of valves increase and distance from heart increases
11
Q
Deep veins of the leg
A
- surrounded by muscle
- accompany artery
- calf veins duplicated
- CIV, IIV & EIV, CFV, DFV & FV, POP V, ATV & PTV & PV
12
Q
Common iliac veins (CIV)
A
- seen at level of sacroiliac joint formed by confluence of
+ internal iliac vein - drains viscera of pelvis
+ external iliac vein - drains leg
13
Q
External iliac vein
A
- at inguinal ligament becomes common femoral vein
14
Q
Common femoral vein
A
- formed by confluence of
+ deep femoral vein - profunda
+ femoral vein - superficial femoral vein - bifid in 25% of pop (duplication of veins
15
Q
Femoral vein
A
- courses deep but close to artery
- does deep at distal portion and passes through adductor canal/ hiatus (hunters canal)
- becomes popliteal vein
16
Q
Popliteal vein
A
- formed by confluence of
\+ anterior tibial Veins x2
\+ tibioperoneal trunk
- posterior tibial Veins x2
- Peroneal Veins x2
17
Q
Anterior tibial Veins
A
- originate from pedal vein in foot and travel upward between the tibia and fibula to join tibioperoneal trunk
18
Q
Posterior tibial Veins
A
- Arise from the confluence of the medial and lateral plantar veins and travel up MEDIAL aspect of calf
19
Q
Peroneal veins
A
- begin in foot and travel up the LATERAL aspect of calf
20
Q
Gastrocnemius (sural) Veins
A
- paired
- empty into pop vein
21
Q
Soleal sinuses
A
- thick walled VENOUS RESERVOIRS within the soleal muscles
- do not contain valves and frequent site of thrombosis
- empty into PTV and Peroneal veins
22
Q
Superficial veins
A
- do not have corresponding artery
- near the surface superficial to muscle
- regulate body temp
23
Q
Greater saphenous vein (long)
A
- joins CFV 4cm inferior to inguinal ligament
- travels along medial aspect of thigh and calf ending posterior to medial malleolus
- longest vein in the body
- additional connections to deep system via perforating veins
24
Q
Small saphenous vein (lesser/short)
A
- empties into popliteal vein posteriorly and above popliteal fossa and runs a,o g posterior calf between gastroc
- lateral and posterior to lateral malleolus
- numerous tributaries connecting it to GSV
25
Q
Head and neck vasculature
A
SVC - innominate (brachiocephalic) - external jugular veins - internal jugular veins
26
Q
SVC
A
Formed by junction of the right and left brachiocephalic veins (innominate)
27
Q
Brachiocephalic veins (innominate)
A
Formed by junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins
28
Q
External jugular veins
A
Drain the superficial areas of the face and scalp
29
Q
Vertebral veins
A
Drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and small neck muscles
30
Q
Internal jugular veins
A
- Drain most of the blood from the brain and deep areas of the face and neck
- largest veins of the head and neck
31
Q
Dural sinuses (venous sinuses)
A
- Interconnected chambers that lie between the dura mater layers
- Drain into internal jugular vein
32
Q
Central anatomy
A
IVC - Renal Vein - Hepatic Veins
33
Q
Inferior vena cava (IVC)
A
- largest vein in the body formed by the union of common iliac veins at level of L5
- superiorly through retroperitoneum and anterior to spine right of the aorta
- posterior surface of the liver, passes through the diaphragm, right atrium of the heart
34
Q
Renal veins
A
- drain from the hilum of each kidney
- anterior to the artery and empty into the lateral walls of the IVC
- left Renal veins travel posterior to superior mesenteric artery and anterior to aorta
- RRV is shorter and travels more INFERIORLY
35
Q
Hepatic veins
A
- short veins (right middle left) collect blood from liver
- empty into IVC below diaphragm
- right and left drain right and left lobe
- middle hepatic drains medial segment of the left lobe and anterior segment of right lobe
36
Q
The portal system
A
- venous but gathers returning blood from bowel and spleen in a separate system from the venous circulation
- contains nutrients and oxygen
- consists of
+ main portal vein
+ superior mesenteric vein
+ splenic
+ inferior mesenteric
37
Q
Main portal vein
A
- MPV forms behind neck of the Panc by the confluence of the SMV and splenic vein
- length of MPV averages between 5.5-8.0 and the diameter is 1 cm
- runs behind first portion of the duodenum to the porta hepatis then divides into right and left portal branches
- receives right and left gastric veins left recipes paraumbilical
38
Q
Superior mesenteric vein
A
- originates at the root of the mesentary
- in front of third portion of the duodenum and uncinate
- parallels SMA to the left
39
Q
Splenic vein
A
- begins at hilum of the spleen
- courses medial and superior within the abdomen and bordering the posterior surface of the pancreatic body and tail
- left gastroepiploic vein and short gastric veins empty into it
- long axis identified on transverse
- joins SMV to form MPV at level of the Panc neck demonstrating a widening
- junction of SMV and Sv at portal confluence
40
Q
Inferior mesenteric vein
A
- begins midway down the anal canal as the superior rectal vein
- runs up posterior abdominal wall onleft side and joins splenic vein behind pancreas
- difficult to see
41
Q
Upper extremity venous anatomy
A
- deep veins always accompanied by an artery with the same name and paired
- superficial veins join with deep veins closer to the skin surface and do not have artery
- PRIMARY ROUTE OF VENOUS DRAINAGE FOR UE IS THROUGH SUPERFICIAL VEINS
42
Q
Deep veins of UE
A
- innominate - subclavian - axillary- basilic and brachial (x2) - ulnar Veins (x2) and radial veins (x2)
43
Q
Subclavian veins
A
- changes into axillary Artery at lateral border of 1st rib
- cephalic vein joins in at distal clavicle medial to numeral Head to form subclavian
44
Q
Axillary vein
A
- short segment of vein beginning at lateral first rib formed by brachial and basilic vein
45
Q
Brachial vein
A
- duplicates on either side of the artery
- joins with basilic vein to form axillary artery
- formed by ulnar and radial vein
46
Q
Ulnar veins
A
- duplicated
- courses along medial aspect of forearm
- joins with ulnar vein to form brachial vein
47
Q
Radial vein
A
- duplicates
- courses along lateral aspect of forearm
- joins with ulnar vein to form brachial vein
48
Q
Superficial veins
A
- cephalic vein and basilic vein and median cubital vein
49
Q
Cephalic vein
A
- joins with axillary artery at the distal clavicle, medial to humeral Head to form subclavian vein
- gives off median cubital vein near elbow and forms lateral dorsal arch of the hand
50
Q
Basilic vein
A
- joins the brachial vein to become the axillary vein at teres major muscle
- courses along medial aspect of bicep and forearm and forms medial dorsal arch of hand
51
Q
The perforators
A
- connect the superficial to deep vein system and allow flow in one direction
- Dodd’s, Boyd’s, Cocketts
52
Q
Dodd’s
A
- medial thigh
- hand width about the knee
- thigh perforators
53
Q
Boyd’s
A
- medial calf
- immediately below knee
- knee perforators
54
Q
Cockett’s
A
- medial lower third of calf
- ankle perforators
55
Q
Tunica intima
A
- single layer epithelial cells
- where valves originate
56
Q
Tunica media
A
- thicker layer smooth muscle and collagen fiber
57
Q
Tunica adventitia
A
- fibrous layer surrounding elastic tissue
