Module 1 : Venous Circulatory System Flashcards
1
Q
Heart
A
- four chambered
- right half circulated blood from body to lungs
- left half circulates blood from lungs around body
- right side littler peripheral resistance means low pressure ( walls thinner)
- left side same volume greater peripheral resistance ( walls thicker)
2
Q
Resistance vessels
A
- muscular arterioles and precapillary sphincters
- provide principle resistance to blood flow
- govern pressure and amount of blood flow
3
Q
Exchange vessels
A
- single cell capillary walls exchange gasses and nutrients
- lymph capillaries coexist with blood capillaries and exchange anything from liquid to cells
- lymphatics locates alongside veins to absorb excess fluid
4
Q
Capacitance vessels
A
- venules are tributaries to Vein and collect blood from capillary beds
- low pressure blood reservoir where blood returns to heart
- paired veins called vena combatants accompany arteries
5
Q
Valves
A
- counter gravity to stop or reverse flow of blood in veins
- reflux blood pours into pockets causing leaflets to close and stop flow
- found where tributary joins larger veins at intervals along main veins
- lower extremities have the most valves cause of more gravity
6
Q
Blood
A
- average total amount is 5L
- most common blood cell is erythrocyte( red blood cell RBC) transport O2
- second most common is leukocyte (white blood cell WBC)
- platelets which assist in clotting
- plasma
7
Q
Orientation of vasculature
A
- proximal = closer to the heart
- distal = further from heart
8
Q
Vein anatomy
A
Tunica intima (forms valves)- tunica media - tunica adventitia
9
Q
Vasa vasorum
A
- found in tunica adventitia
- network of tiny vessels that supply walls of large veins and arteries with nutrients and oxygen
10
Q
Valves
A
- unique to venous systems
- bicuspid
- arise from intima
- one way flow
- in upper and lower extremities
- number of valves increase and distance from heart increases
11
Q
Deep veins of the leg
A
- surrounded by muscle
- accompany artery
- calf veins duplicated
- CIV, IIV & EIV, CFV, DFV & FV, POP V, ATV & PTV & PV
12
Q
Common iliac veins (CIV)
A
- seen at level of sacroiliac joint formed by confluence of
+ internal iliac vein - drains viscera of pelvis
+ external iliac vein - drains leg
13
Q
External iliac vein
A
- at inguinal ligament becomes common femoral vein
14
Q
Common femoral vein
A
- formed by confluence of
+ deep femoral vein - profunda
+ femoral vein - superficial femoral vein - bifid in 25% of pop (duplication of veins
15
Q
Femoral vein
A
- courses deep but close to artery
- does deep at distal portion and passes through adductor canal/ hiatus (hunters canal)
- becomes popliteal vein
16
Q
Popliteal vein
A
- formed by confluence of
\+ anterior tibial Veins x2
\+ tibioperoneal trunk
- posterior tibial Veins x2
- Peroneal Veins x2
17
Q
Anterior tibial Veins
A
- originate from pedal vein in foot and travel upward between the tibia and fibula to join tibioperoneal trunk
18
Q
Posterior tibial Veins
A
- Arise from the confluence of the medial and lateral plantar veins and travel up MEDIAL aspect of calf
19
Q
Peroneal veins
A
- begin in foot and travel up the LATERAL aspect of calf
20
Q
Gastrocnemius (sural) Veins
A
- paired
- empty into pop vein
21
Q
Soleal sinuses
A
- thick walled VENOUS RESERVOIRS within the soleal muscles
- do not contain valves and frequent site of thrombosis
- empty into PTV and Peroneal veins
22
Q
Superficial veins
A
- do not have corresponding artery
- near the surface superficial to muscle
- regulate body temp
23
Q
Greater saphenous vein (long)
A
- joins CFV 4cm inferior to inguinal ligament
- travels along medial aspect of thigh and calf ending posterior to medial malleolus
- longest vein in the body
- additional connections to deep system via perforating veins
24
Q
Small saphenous vein (lesser/short)
A
- empties into popliteal vein posteriorly and above popliteal fossa and runs a,o g posterior calf between gastroc
- lateral and posterior to lateral malleolus
- numerous tributaries connecting it to GSV
25
Head and neck vasculature
SVC - innominate (brachiocephalic) - external jugular veins - internal jugular veins
26
SVC
Formed by junction of the right and left brachiocephalic veins (innominate)
27
Brachiocephalic veins (innominate)
Formed by junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins
28
External jugular veins
Drain the superficial areas of the face and scalp
29
Vertebral veins
Drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and small neck muscles
30
Internal jugular veins
- Drain most of the blood from the brain and deep areas of the face and neck
- largest veins of the head and neck
31
Dural sinuses (venous sinuses)
- Interconnected chambers that lie between the dura mater layers
- Drain into internal jugular vein
32
Central anatomy
IVC - Renal Vein - Hepatic Veins
33
Inferior vena cava (IVC)
- largest vein in the body formed by the union of common iliac veins at level of L5
- superiorly through retroperitoneum and anterior to spine right of the aorta
- posterior surface of the liver, passes through the diaphragm, right atrium of the heart
34
Renal veins
- drain from the hilum of each kidney
- anterior to the artery and empty into the lateral walls of the IVC
- left Renal veins travel posterior to superior mesenteric artery and anterior to aorta
- RRV is shorter and travels more INFERIORLY
35
Hepatic veins
- short veins (right middle left) collect blood from liver
- empty into IVC below diaphragm
- right and left drain right and left lobe
- middle hepatic drains medial segment of the left lobe and anterior segment of right lobe
36
The portal system
- venous but gathers returning blood from bowel and spleen in a separate system from the venous circulation
- contains nutrients and oxygen
- consists of
+ main portal vein
+ superior mesenteric vein
+ splenic
+ inferior mesenteric
37
Main portal vein
- MPV forms behind neck of the Panc by the confluence of the SMV and splenic vein
- length of MPV averages between 5.5-8.0 and the diameter is 1 cm
- runs behind first portion of the duodenum to the porta hepatis then divides into right and left portal branches
- receives right and left gastric veins left recipes paraumbilical
38
Superior mesenteric vein
- originates at the root of the mesentary
- in front of third portion of the duodenum and uncinate
- parallels SMA to the left
39
Splenic vein
- begins at hilum of the spleen
- courses medial and superior within the abdomen and bordering the posterior surface of the pancreatic body and tail
- left gastroepiploic vein and short gastric veins empty into it
- long axis identified on transverse
- joins SMV to form MPV at level of the Panc neck demonstrating a widening
- junction of SMV and Sv at portal confluence
40
Inferior mesenteric vein
- begins midway down the anal canal as the superior rectal vein
- runs up posterior abdominal wall onleft side and joins splenic vein behind pancreas
- difficult to see
41
Upper extremity venous anatomy
- deep veins always accompanied by an artery with the same name and paired
- superficial veins join with deep veins closer to the skin surface and do not have artery
- PRIMARY ROUTE OF VENOUS DRAINAGE FOR UE IS THROUGH SUPERFICIAL VEINS
42
Deep veins of UE
- innominate - subclavian - axillary- basilic and brachial (x2) - ulnar Veins (x2) and radial veins (x2)
43
Subclavian veins
- changes into axillary Artery at lateral border of 1st rib
| - cephalic vein joins in at distal clavicle medial to numeral Head to form subclavian
44
Axillary vein
- short segment of vein beginning at lateral first rib formed by brachial and basilic vein
45
Brachial vein
- duplicates on either side of the artery
- joins with basilic vein to form axillary artery
- formed by ulnar and radial vein
46
Ulnar veins
- duplicated
- courses along medial aspect of forearm
- joins with ulnar vein to form brachial vein
47
Radial vein
- duplicates
- courses along lateral aspect of forearm
- joins with ulnar vein to form brachial vein
48
Superficial veins
- cephalic vein and basilic vein and median cubital vein
49
Cephalic vein
- joins with axillary artery at the distal clavicle, medial to humeral Head to form subclavian vein
- gives off median cubital vein near elbow and forms lateral dorsal arch of the hand
50
Basilic vein
- joins the brachial vein to become the axillary vein at teres major muscle
- courses along medial aspect of bicep and forearm and forms medial dorsal arch of hand
51
The perforators
- connect the superficial to deep vein system and allow flow in one direction
- Dodd’s, Boyd’s, Cocketts
52
Dodd’s
- medial thigh
- hand width about the knee
- thigh perforators
53
Boyd’s
- medial calf
- immediately below knee
- knee perforators
54
Cockett’s
- medial lower third of calf
| - ankle perforators
55
Tunica intima
- single layer epithelial cells
| - where valves originate
56
Tunica media
- thicker layer smooth muscle and collagen fiber
57
Tunica adventitia
- fibrous layer surrounding elastic tissue
