Module 1 Study Guide Flashcards
Criminal justice, ideally speaking is “truth in action” within the process that we call
Administration of Justice
Strictly the hearing before a court having jurisdiction in a criminal case in which the identity of the defendant is established, the defendant is informed of the charge and of his or her rights, and the defendant is required to enter a plea. Also, in some usages, any appearance in criminal court before trial is known as an
Arraignment
The money or property pledged to the court or actually deposited with the court to effect the release of a person from legal custody is known as the
Bail
A law enforcernent or correctional administrative
process officially recording an entry into detention after arrest and identifying the person, the place, the time, the reason for the arrest, and the arresting authority is known as a
Booking
The civil law, the law of civil procedure, and the array of procedures and activities having to do with private
rights and remedies sought by civil action. This term cannot be separated from social justice because the justice enacted in our nation’s civil courts reflects basic American understanding of right and wrong. This term is defined as
Civil Justice
Offenders found guilty of more than one charge may be told that their sentences will run at the same time.
For example, an offender has committed one crime at which he was sentenced to 6 years and the second crime where he was sentenced to 8 years. The judge has decided that the 8 year sentence will satisfy both charges, so he will stay in jail one time for a total of 8 years to satisfy both crimes.
This is known as a
Concurrent Sentence
(my understanding)
A crirninal justice perspective that assumes
that the system’s components function primarily to serve their
own interests. According to this theoretical framework, justice is more a product of conflicts among agencies within the system than it is the result of cooperation among component agencies can be defined as the
Conflict Model
One of two or more sentences imposed at the same time, after conviction for more than one offense, and served at the same time. Also, a new sentence for a new conviction, imposed upon a person already under sentence for a previous offense, served at the same time as the previous sentence can be defined as a
Concurrent Sentence
Offenders found guilty of more than one charge may be ordered to serve one sentence after another is completed. For example, an offender has one sentence for 6 months and the second is for 18 mo. The offender will remain in jail for 24mo all together and will not have to go back. This is known as a
Consecutive Sentence
(my understanding)
One of two or more sentences imposed at the same time, after conviction for more than one offense, and served in sequence with the other sentence. Also a new sentence for a new conviction, imposed upon a person already under sentence for a previous offense, which is added to the previous sentence, thus increasing the maximum time the offender may be confined or under supervision
Consecutive Sentence
A criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system’s components work together harmoniously to achieve the social product we call justice this is defined as a
Consensus Model
A criminal justice perspective that emphasizes the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders is defined as
Crime Control Model
The scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of
offenders is known as
Criminology
A criminal justice perspective that emphasizes individual rights at all stages of justice system processing is known as the
Due Process Model
Crime fighting strategies that have been scientifically tested and are based on social science research can be defined as
Evidence-based practice (EBP)
A group of jurors who have been selected according to law and have been sworn to hear the evidence and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the accused person to trial, to investigate criminal activity generally, or to investigate the conduct of a public agency or official is known as a
Grand Jury
A formal, written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury, alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense, usually a felony can be defined as a
Indictment
Those who seek to protect personal freedoms and civil rights within society, and especially within the criminal justice process call themselves
Individual Rights Advocate
The existence within one society of diverse groups that maintain unique cultural identities while frequently accepting and participating in the larger society’s legal and political systems. Thus term is often used in conjunction with the term social diversity to identify many distinctions of social significance. This is defined as
Multiculturalism
A proceeding before a judicial officer in which three matters must be decided: 1) whether a crime was committed, 2) whether the crime occurred within the territorial jurisdiction of the court, and 3) whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that the defendant committed the crime can be defined as the
Preliminary Hearing
A set of facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonably intelligent and prudent person to believe that a specified person has committed a specified crime. Also, reasonable grounds to make or believe an accusation. This term refers to the necessary level of belief that would allow for police seizures (arrests) of individuals and full searches of dwellings, vehicles, and possessions. This term is defined as
Probable Cause
One who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights is known as
Public Order Advocate
The process by which decisions that feel fair are made, is a vital component of our American Justice system this is known as
Procedural Fairness
The use of sanctions and rewards within a group to influence and shape the behavior of individual members of that group. This term is a primary concern of social groups and communities, and it is their interest in the exercise of the term that leads to the creation of both criminal and civil statutes. The term discussed is defined as
Social Control
