Module 1 Study Guide

Question 1

Criminal justice, ideally speaking is “truth in action” within the process that we call

Answer 1

Administration of Justice

Question 2

Strictly the hearing before a court having jurisdiction in a criminal case in which the identity of the defendant is established, the defendant is informed of the charge and of his or her rights, and the defendant is required to enter a plea. Also, in some usages, any appearance in criminal court before trial is known as an

Answer 2

Arraignment

Question 3

The money or property pledged to the court or actually deposited with the court to effect the release of a person from legal custody is known as the

Answer 3

Bail

Question 4

A law enforcernent or correctional administrative
process officially recording an entry into detention after arrest and identifying the person, the place, the time, the reason for the arrest, and the arresting authority is known as a

Answer 4

Booking

Question 5

The civil law, the law of civil procedure, and the array of procedures and activities having to do with private
rights and remedies sought by civil action. This term cannot be separated from social justice because the justice enacted in our nation’s civil courts reflects basic American understanding of right and wrong. This term is defined as

Answer 5

Civil Justice

Question 6

Offenders found guilty of more than one charge may be told that their sentences will run at the same time.
For example, an offender has committed one crime at which he was sentenced to 6 years and the second crime where he was sentenced to 8 years. The judge has decided that the 8 year sentence will satisfy both charges, so he will stay in jail one time for a total of 8 years to satisfy both crimes.
This is known as a

Answer 6

Concurrent Sentence
(my understanding)

Question 7

A crirninal justice perspective that assumes
that the system’s components function primarily to serve their
own interests. According to this theoretical framework, justice is more a product of conflicts among agencies within the system than it is the result of cooperation among component agencies can be defined as the

Answer 7

Conflict Model

Question 8

One of two or more sentences imposed at the same time, after conviction for more than one offense, and served at the same time. Also, a new sentence for a new conviction, imposed upon a person already under sentence for a previous offense, served at the same time as the previous sentence can be defined as a

Answer 8

Concurrent Sentence

Question 9

Offenders found guilty of more than one charge may be ordered to serve one sentence after another is completed. For example, an offender has one sentence for 6 months and the second is for 18 mo. The offender will remain in jail for 24mo all together and will not have to go back. This is known as a

Answer 9

Consecutive Sentence
(my understanding)

Question 10

One of two or more sentences imposed at the same time, after conviction for more than one offense, and served in sequence with the other sentence. Also a new sentence for a new conviction, imposed upon a person already under sentence for a previous offense, which is added to the previous sentence, thus increasing the maximum time the offender may be confined or under supervision

Answer 10

Consecutive Sentence

Question 11

A criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system’s components work together harmoniously to achieve the social product we call justice this is defined as a

Answer 11

Consensus Model

Question 12

A criminal justice perspective that emphasizes the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders is defined as

Answer 12

Crime Control Model

Question 13

The scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of
offenders is known as

Answer 13

Criminology

Question 14

A criminal justice perspective that emphasizes individual rights at all stages of justice system processing is known as the

Answer 14

Due Process Model

Question 15

Crime fighting strategies that have been scientifically tested and are based on social science research can be defined as

Answer 15

Evidence-based practice (EBP)

Question 16

A group of jurors who have been selected according to law and have been sworn to hear the evidence and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the accused person to trial, to investigate criminal activity generally, or to investigate the conduct of a public agency or official is known as a

Answer 16

Grand Jury

Question 17

A formal, written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury, alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense, usually a felony can be defined as a

Answer 17

Indictment

Question 18

Those who seek to protect personal freedoms and civil rights within society, and especially within the criminal justice process call themselves

Answer 18

Individual Rights Advocate

Question 19

The existence within one society of diverse groups that maintain unique cultural identities while frequently accepting and participating in the larger society’s legal and political systems. Thus term is often used in conjunction with the term social diversity to identify many distinctions of social significance. This is defined as

Answer 19

Multiculturalism

Question 20

A proceeding before a judicial officer in which three matters must be decided: 1) whether a crime was committed, 2) whether the crime occurred within the territorial jurisdiction of the court, and 3) whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that the defendant committed the crime can be defined as the

Answer 20

Preliminary Hearing

Question 21

A set of facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonably intelligent and prudent person to believe that a specified person has committed a specified crime. Also, reasonable grounds to make or believe an accusation. This term refers to the necessary level of belief that would allow for police seizures (arrests) of individuals and full searches of dwellings, vehicles, and possessions. This term is defined as

Answer 21

Probable Cause

Question 22

One who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights is known as

Answer 22

Public Order Advocate

Question 23

The process by which decisions that feel fair are made, is a vital component of our American Justice system this is known as

Answer 23

Procedural Fairness

Question 24

The use of sanctions and rewards within a group to influence and shape the behavior of individual members of that group. This term is a primary concern of social groups and communities, and it is their interest in the exercise of the term that leads to the creation of both criminal and civil statutes. The term discussed is defined as

Answer 24

Social Control

Question 25

A condition said to exist when a group is faced with social change, uneven development of culture, maladaptiveness, disharmony, conflict, and lack of consensus is known as

Answer 25

Social Disorganization

Question 26

An ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life and that is linked to fundamental notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong is known as

Answer 26

Social Justice

Question 27

The condition of a society characterized by social integration, consensus, smooth functioning, and lack of interpersonal and institutional conflict. Also, a lack of social disorganization and be described as

Answer 27

Social Order

Question 28

Criminal laws and criminal justice institutions, policies, and practices that achieve justice in the present without compromising the ability of future generations to have the benefits of a just society is known as

Answer 28

Sustainable Justice

Question 29

In criminal proceedings, the examination in court of the issues of fact and relevant law in a case for the purpose of convicting or acquitting the defendant this is known as

Answer 29

Trial

Question 30

In criminal proceedings, a writ issued by a judicial officer directing a law enforcement officer to perform a specified act and affording the officer protection from damages if he or she performs it is defined as

Answer 30

Warrant