Module 1 Readings

Question 1

Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse known as

Answer 1

Crime

Question 2

T/F- American society is built upon a delicate balance between the demand for personal freedoms and the need for public safety

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T/F- Procedural justice is crucial to effective criminal justice practices and helps to ensure the legitimacy of justice organizations and their acceptance by the people they serve

Answer 3

True

Question 4

During the crime waves that occurred from 1850-1880, what was the main cause related to this incident?

Answer 4

Social upheaval caused by large-scale immigration and the effects of the Civil War on society

Question 5

When did the widespread spurt of organized crime activity take place in the United States?

Answer 5

During the Prohibition years of the early twentieth century

Question 6

When were American crime rates relatively stable?

Answer 6

1960s

Question 7

What time period faced a drastic increase in crime based around the concern of rights for all people known as the civil rights movement

Answer 7

1960s-1970s

Question 8

T/F- Reports by the FBI of “traditional” crimes like murder, rape, and assault increased considerably during the 1970s into the 1980s

Answer 8

True

Question 9

T/F- The civil rights movement of the 1960s-1970 emphasized equality of opportunity and respect for individuals regardless of race, color, creed, gender, or personal attributes. This period also saw a dramatic increase in reported criminal activity

Answer 9

True

Question 10

During what period, was there a dramatic increase in sale and use of illicit drugs led to increased crime. Large cities became havens for drug gangs and cities experienced dramatic declines in property values and quality of life. President Reagan declared a war on drugs as well

Answer 10

1980s

Question 11

What year was the videotape released of a Los Angeles police officer beating Rodney King an African American where an example of the abuse of police power first occurred

Answer 11

1992

Question 12

What act created in 2001 drastically increased the investigatory authority of federal, state, and local police agencies?

Answer 12

USA Patriot Act

Question 13

In 2009, who pleaded guilty to the largest Ponzi scheme in history?

Answer 13

Bernard Madoff

Question 14

Who was the FBI most wanted terrorist that was killed by a US special operations forces in Pakistan in 2011?

Answer 14

Osama Bin Laden

Question 15

T/F- During 2012-2019, an epidemic of mass shootings and random violence sweeps public venues across the United States

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What time period has resulted in the most cybercrimes that have threatened both national security, corporate, and personal finance integrity

Answer 16

2020-present

Question 17

T/F- During the 1980s, the increase in sale of illicit drugs resulted in a dramatic decline of property value in large cities

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What is the theme of the book we are reading?

Answer 18

Individual Rights vs. Public Order

Question 19

What decades dud the civil rights era occur?

Answer 19

60s and 70s

Question 20

T/F- The theme of this book can be stated as follows: There is widespread recognition in contemporary society of the need to balance 1) the freedoms and privileges of our nation’s citizens and the respect accorded the rights of individuals faced with criminal prosecution against 2) the valid interest that society has in preventing future crimes, in public safety, and in reducing the harm caused by criminal activity. While the personal freedoms guaranteed to law-abiding citizens as well as to criminal suspects by the Constitution as interpreted by the US

Answer 20

True, direct quote from textbook

Question 21

British philosopher Benjamin Disraeli defined justice as>

Answer 21

truth in action

Question 22

What are the 12 steps in the American Criminal Justice process?

Answer 22

Investigation
Warrant
Arrest
Booking
First Appearance
Preliminary Hearing
Information/ Indictment
Arraignment
Adjudication
Sentencing
Corrections
Reentry

Question 23

After a crime has been discovered, this is when evidence is gathered and a follow up attempt to reconstruct the sequence of activities leading up to and including the criminal event. This is known as a

Answer 23

Investigation

Question 24

When an arrest is issued by a judge that provides legal basis for an apprehension of suspects by police is known as a

Answer 24

Warrant

Question 25

When a person is taken into custody, limiting the arrestee’s freedom. This is a very serious step in the process of justice. This is where the defendants are advised of their rights (Miranda)

Answer 25

An Arrest

Question 26

An administrative procedure where pictures, fingerprints, and personal information are obtained. A record of events leading up to and including the arrest is created. This term is defined as

Answer 26

Booking

Question 27

Within hours of arrest, suspects must be brought before a magistrate (judicial officer) for a first (initial) appearance. The judge will tell them of the charges against them, will advise them of their rights, and may provide the opportunity for bail. This is defined as what step in the American criminal justice process?

Answer 27

First Appearance

Question 28

A proceeding before a judicial officer in which three matters must be decided: (1) whether a crime was committed, (2) whether the crime occurred within the territorial jurisdiction of the court, and (3) whether there are reasonable
grounds to believe that the defendant comrnitted the crime is known as the

Answer 28

Preliminary Hearing

Question 29

A formal written accusation submitted to a court by a prosecutor, alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense is known as

Answer 29

Information

Question 30

A formal written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense, usually a felony is known as

Answer 30

Indictment

Question 31

Which step in the American criminal justice e process is strictly, the hearing before a court heaving jurisdiction in a criminal case in which th identity of the defendant is established, the defendant is informed of the charge and of his or her rights, and the defendant is required to enter a plea. This step step is called

Answer 31

Arraignment

Question 32

What is the primary purpose of a preliminary hearing?

Answer 32

to establish whether sufficient evidence against a person to continue the justice process