Module 1 Study Guide Flashcards
Pathological changes observable, visible to the naked eye
Gross pathology
Pathological changes not observable by the naked eye; requiring a magnifying device to see changes; changes that cells tissues and organs undergo as a result of disease; microscopic pathology
Histo-Pathology
Specific features of disease in relation to particular organs or organ systems; systemic pathology
Clinical pathology
Study of changes in the body function due to disease
Physiological pathology
Study of the cause, manner, and mechanism of death via autopsy
Forensic pathology
Prefix meaning tissue
histo-
Prefix meaning disease
patho-
Prefix meaning blood
hemo-
Prefix meaning blood
hema-
Visible to the naked eye; consisting of large particles or components; coarse or large
gross
Founded on actual observation and treatment of patients as distinguished from data or facts obtained from other sources
clinical
The study of
-ology
Bleeding pertaining to the digestive tract- anywhere from mouth to the anus
gastrointestinal bleed
Common condition in which acid from the stomach flows back into the esophagus, causing discomfort and , in some instances damage to the esophageal lining
gastroesophageal reflux disease
Narrowing of coronary arteries, usually as a result of atherosclerosis- single most common cause of death in industrialized nation
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Abnormal accumulation of tissue fluid in the interstitial spaces due to the removal of lymph nodes or to the blockage or destruction of lymphatics
lymphedema
The constriction or narrowing of the liver
hepatic stenosis
Chronic blood-borne inflammation of the liver transmitted person to person via blood and bodily fluids
hepatitis C
Sudden, significant decrease in the filtration capabilities of the kidneys and rapid increase in the levels of creatinine and other waste products in the systemic circulation
acute renal failure
Inability of the liver function
hepatic failure
the state or condition in which the body or a part of it is invaded by a disease-causing agent that, under favorable conditions, multiplies and produces injurious effects
infection
a temporary deficiency of blood flow to an organ or tissue. The deficiency may be caused by diminished blood flow either through a regional artery or throughout the circulation. Ischemia is the result of underlying conditions primarily related to lifestyle
ischemia
necrosis (death of tissue) usually resulting from deficient or absent blood supply
gangrene
loss of blood via bleeding that lasts more than a few minutes, compromise organ or tissue perfusion or threaten life
hemorrhage
Hardening of the arteries
disease of the arterial vessels marked by thickening and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls
atherosclerosis
a sudden obstruction of the blood vessel from foreign objects, blood clots, and other bodily substances
embolism
formation of a blood clot
thrombosis
blood or bloody fluid in the pleural cavity caused by rupture of blood vessels resulting from inflammation of the lungs in pneumonia or pulmonary tuberculosis, lung cance, or trauma
hemothorax
accumulation of blood in the pericardium (sac enclosing the heart)
hemopericardium
bleeding into or blood in the peritoneal cavity
hemoperitoneum
the expectoration (coughing up) of blood arising from the arising from the larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs
hemoptysis
vomiting of blood
hematemesis
hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed
epitaxis
Low hemoglobin or reduced ability to deliver oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body via red blood cells
primary and secondary anemia
condition caused by too many white blood cells (which fight infections and disease) are frequently associated with infection, inflammation, tissue damage, immune reactions, medication, or stress–usually bacterial.
leukocytosis
decrease in white blood cells below a count of 5000/mm3
leucopenia
cancer of the blood cells described by an abnormal amount of white blood cells
leukemia
cancer of the blood where bone marrow produces too many red blood cells and characterized by increased level of red blood cells circulating in the blood
polycythemia
inherited bleeding disorder characterized by a scarcity of blood clotting proteins
hemophilia
stretching of the muscle fibers of the heart because of disease, normal occurrence or artificial causes
dilatation
increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its cells
hypertrophy
a rash with purple or red spots on the skin or mucus membranes
purpura
the complete closure of a vessel by a gas, liquid, or a solid. Complete obstruction.
occlusion
Commonly known as a “heart attack” is decreased or complete cessation of blood flow to the myocardium and often the result of coronary artery disease
myocardium infarction
abnormal contraction or narrowing of a body passage or opening
stenosis
drooping or falling down of the blood vessels
vascular prolapse
inflammation, infection of the lining of heart valves
endocarditis
inability of the heart to function at the capacity the body needs resulting in fatigue, weakness, irregular heartbeat
acute heart failure
inflammation of the heart muscle often caused by infection or a drug reaction that reduces the heart’s ability to pump
myocarditis
plaque build-up inside blood vessels; form or arteriosclerosis
atherosclerosis
general term for hardening of the arteries which can take many forms including atherosclerosis
arteriosclerosis
formation of blood clot within blood vessels
thrombosis
abrupt obstruction of a blood vessel
embolism
local dilation, enlargement of a blood vessel
aneurysm
enlarged, twisted veins commonly found in the legs
varicose veins
inflammation of a vein, most frequently occurs in the legs, but can core
phlebitis
inflammation of the arteries that damages blood cell walls reducing blood flow to organs
arteritis
