Module 1: QUIZ 1 Flashcards
What is psycho analytical theory
Humans mental processes are influenced by the competition between unconscious forces to come to awareness
What is behaviourism
argues that psychology should study only observable behaviour and not abstract mental health processes
What is growth
Quantitative change (things u can see)
What is development
Qualitative change (capacity to adapt to environment)
What are the developmental age periods
- prenatal
- infancy
- early childhood
- middle childhood
- later childhood
What are the 3 directional trends
1) Cephalocaudal (head to tail)
2) Proximodistal (Middle to periphery)
3) Differential (simple to complex)
What are the physiological changes that take place
- Basal metabolic rate (dec. over time)
- Temp (dec. over time)
- Nutrition (Dec. over time)
What are the factors that can influence developement
- Heredity
- neuroendocrine factors (hormones)
- interpersonal relationships
- socioeconomic level
- environmental hazards
- stress in childhood
- mass media
- internet
What are the functions of play
- Sensorimotor developement
- intellectual developement
- socialization
- creativity
- self awareness
- therapeutic value
- moral value
Content of play
- Social affective (relationship)
- sense-pleasure play
- skill play
- unoccupied behaviour
- dramatic play
- game
Social character of play
- Onlooker
- solitary
- parallel
- associative
- cooperative
What is self esteem
The affective component of self, how u feel about yourself
what do children assess about themselves to get their self esteem
- competence
- control
- moral worth
- worthiness of love & acceptance
What factors affect self esteem
1) Temperment
2) ability & opportunity
3) Interactions
4) social role and expectations
What are the attributes of temperament
- Mood
- distractability
- attention span
- reaction sensitivity
- responsiveness
- adaptability
- approach/withdrawl
- rhythmicity
- activity
What is self concept
How you describe urself (need aproval to have a good one)
What are the 3 motivations to learn
1) Social
2) Task mastery
3) Physical
What kind of theory did freud have
Psychosocial
What was freuds theory about
- Personality development
- Pleasure seeking drives and societal preassures
- 2 forces drive: Libido & agression
What is the id
Impulsive side
What is the ego
Mediates the id and the environment
What is the super ego
restraint side
What are freuds 5 stages
1) Oral (mother baby trust & breast feed)
2) Anal (Toilet train pleasure?)
3) Phallic (opposite sex parent attraction)
4) Latency (Repress sexualization)
5) Genital (sexuality awoken)
What is erickson’s 1st stage
Trust vs mistrust (0-1)
What is ericksons 2nd stage
autonomy vs shame (1-3)
What is erickson’s 3rd stage
initiative vs guilt (3-6)
What is eriksons 4th stage
industry vs inferiority (6-11)
What is eriksons 5th stage
identity vs role confusion (12-18)
What is eriksons 6th stage
Intimacy vs. isolation (18-35)
What is eriksons 7th stage
Generativity vs self absorption (35-65)
What is eriksons 8th stage
integrity vs dispair (65+)
What kind of theory does piaget have
Cognitive (how ppl come to know their world)
What are the 4 periods of piagets theory
1) Sensorimotor (0-2)
- deals w/ environment
- self initiated schema
- mental image
2) Preoporational (2-7)
- egocentric
- think w/ symbols
- language past + future
3) Concrete operations (7-11)
- 2 pov
- mental operations
- share & conserve
4) Formal operations
(11-adult)
-Abstract
-problem solving
What did piaget mean by assimilation
Make sense of new info based one what is already known
What did piaget mean by accommodation
adapt new ways of thinking
What kind of theory did skinner have
A behaviourist theory
What was skinners theory
- Agknowledged internal mental processes
- consiquence from behaviour is likely to increase or decrease the chance that you’ll do it again
What kind of theory did bandura have
Social learning theory
What was banduras idea
- Children learn by social observation/modeling not by conditioning
- disinhibition: learnt to not do something but when someone else does it u do it
- Elicitation: No desire to do something until u see someone else do it
What Kind of theory did kohlberg have
A moral development theory
cognitive development is also needed for moral development
Explain the 1st level & stage 1&2 of kohl bergs theory
Level 1: Preconventional
-Focused on personal gain
Stage 1: Punishment & obedience orientation
Stage 2: Instrumental relativist orientation
-occasional thought of others
Explain level 2 & stage 3&4 of kohlbergs theory
Level 2: Conventional -Thinking abut relationship -Loyal to higher order Stage 3: Good-boy/nice-girl orientation -aims to please others Stage 4: Society- maintain -wants to respect society and keep order and respect authority
Explain level 3: and stage 5 n 6 of Kohlberg theory
Level 3: Post-conventional -envision ideal society Stage 5: Social contract -thinks about changing laws Stage 6: Universal ethical principle orientaition -self chosen principles
What is gilligans theory about
- Differences between men and women moral development
- Separation: when boys emerge from dependent relationship with mother
- Indiviuation: child becomes aware of pals differences
Male: Logic, justice, social organization
Female: Interpersonal relationships
What are the 4 stages of westerhoffs 1st theory
1) Experienced faith: received from caregiver
2) Affiliative faith: membership, unity, conform
3) Searching faith: not thinking same as others
4) Owned faith
What are the 3 stages of westerhoffs 2nd theory
1) Affiliative faith (interaction)
2) searching phase (questions)
3) Mature faith (personal union)
What are fowlers 7 stages of faith development
1) Primal faith
2) Intuitive projective faith (God is related to caregiver)
3) Mythic literal faith (meaning of life through story)
4) Sythetic conventional faith (Reflection and year for relationship with god)
5) Inttuitive reflective faith (Examine and reclaim beliefs)
6) Conjunctive faith (integrate opposites)
7) Universalizing faith (overcome)
Maslows hierarchy of needs: GO!
1) Physiological
2) Safety +Security
3) loving and belonging
4) Self-esteem
5) Self actualization
Factors that effect choice of response to a need
- Experiance
- lifestyle
- values and culture
Factors that effect whether or not u perceive a need as a need
- Ethnocultural
- external/internal stimuli
- priorities
What are characteristics of a self actualized person
-Realistic objective creative kinship art dedicated flexible private independent accepts world for what it is
