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N133 > Infant > Flashcards

Infant Flashcards

1
Q

how much will infant gain in first week

A

150-200g a week until 5-6mo (they’ll have doubled by this time)

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2
Q

what is the average 6mo weight

A

7kg

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3
Q

how much will the baby weight by 1 year

A

tripled by 1 yr (9.75kg)

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4
Q

how much does the height increase for first 6mo?

A

height increased by 2.5cm a month

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5
Q

how tall will baby be by 6mo

A

65cm

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6
Q

how tall will baby be by 12 mo

A

74cm

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7
Q

how does growing occur

A

in spurts

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8
Q

what percent will babies length increase by 1 yr?

A

50% (mostly trunk)

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9
Q

are growth charts always accurate?

A

no, not 100% of time

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10
Q

how fast does the head grow for first 6 month

A

1.5cm/month

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11
Q

how fast does the head grow 6-12mo

A

0.5cm/month

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12
Q

by 1 year the head is …. times larger

A

1/3

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13
Q

by 1 year the head is ….. times heavier

A

2.5

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14
Q

when does the closure of the cranial suture occur

A

6-8w

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15
Q

when does the closure of the anterior fontanel occur

A

12-18mo

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16
Q

by one year… the chest & head are the same…

A

size (and chest becomes less barrel)

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17
Q

what happens to the heart growth in infancy

A

doubled by 1st year (55% of chest width)

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18
Q

what is the resp rate like in infancy?

A

slows & abdominal

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19
Q

why do infants have freq. ear infections?

A

short eustachian tube

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20
Q

what happens to the HR in infancy

A

it gradually slows, sinus arrhythmia is still common

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21
Q

what happens to the systolic BP in 1st 2 months

A

rises

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22
Q

what happens to the diastolic BP in 1st 3 mo

A

in decreases & then rises after 3 months

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23
Q

what happens to hemoglobin in infancy

A

@5mo there’s still tons fetal hb but more & more adult hb

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24
Q

when does physiological anemia usually occur

A

3-6mo

b/c maternal iron stores will last until 5-6mo & then will gradually diminish

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25
Q

when will infants begin to have more saliva

A

around 3 mo

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26
Q

as the infants stomach enlarges…

A

they can tolerate 3 meals a day with 1-2 bm’s

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27
Q

what is one organ in the infant that is very immature

A

liver

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28
Q

how long does maternal IgG antibodies last

A

first 3 months - baby will have 40% of it’s own IgG by year 1

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29
Q

when will baby reach adult level of IgM

A

9 months

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30
Q

when will IgA be found in saliva & tears?

A

2-5 weeks

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31
Q

what are the slower to arrive antibodies?

A

IgD & IgE

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32
Q

what does the vernix do

A

helps with immunity, maintain stratum corneum,

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33
Q

what happens to thermoregulation in infancy

A

becomes more efficient, they can shiver & increased adipose

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34
Q

how much of the baby is water at birth

A

75% lots of ECF, predisposes them to dehydration

-frequent urination with low specific gravity

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35
Q

what happens to auditory acuity in infancy

A

it reaches adult level

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36
Q

when will binocular vision occur

A

6w-4months

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37
Q

when will depth perception occur

A

7-9months

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38
Q

when can babies voluntarily grasp objects

A

by 5months

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39
Q

when do the hands become more open

A

3months

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40
Q

when will babies have a crude pincer grasp?

A

8/9months

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41
Q

when will babies have a new pincer grasp

A

11months

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42
Q

when can babies hold bottle, grasp feet & feed themselves a cracker

A

by 6mo

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43
Q

when can a baby transfer something from 1 hand to another

A

7mo

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44
Q

when can a baby put things into containers

A

by 11mo

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45
Q

when can babies try to make a block tower

A

by 1 yr

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46
Q

when is head control well established

A

by 4-6mo

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47
Q

when would it begin to be concerning if baby still had a head lag?

A

at 6 months

48
Q

when will baby willingly roll over?

A

at 5 months

49
Q

when will baby have parachute reflex

A

7months

50
Q

what should you do to avoid phagiocephaly

A

alternates side of head

51
Q

when can baby sit alone by

A

7mo

52
Q

when can baby sit well

A

8mo

53
Q

when can baby move from prone to sitting by themselves

A

10m

54
Q

baby goes from crawling (belly on floor) to creeping (no belly on floor) by?

A

9 months

55
Q

when can the baby walk while holding onto something

A

11mo

56
Q

when can some babies walk independently by

A

1 year

57
Q

when would u want to investigate locomotion if the baby doesn’t walk by holding furniture by?

A

12 mo

58
Q

Eriksons stage for infants?

A

trust vs. mistrust

59
Q

what happens in the trust vs. mistrust phase

A
  • provision of food, warmth, is inadequate to develop sense of self = needs more
  • mutually satisfying needs, mutual regulation of satisfaction
  • mistrust can occur from to much or to little frustration (consistency is essential)
60
Q

What is trust:

A

physical comfort & security, minimizes fear

61
Q

what is meant by the oral/social stage?

A

the 1st 4 months, food intake is the most important social event

  • can tolerate little frustration
  • narcissism is @ it’s height
  • advanced behaviour to communicate with others
  • grasping & tactile stimulation is important for trust
  • the quality of interpersonal relationship determines trust
  • baby may be aggressive & bitting - makes mom upset
  • mom says no & withdraw nipple with strengthen relationships
62
Q

when is the sensorimotor phase

A

birth-24months

-progress from simple reflexes to simple repetitive acts to imitate activity

63
Q

what are the 3 events of the sensorimotor phase

A

1) separation
2) object permanence
3) Symbols/mental representation

64
Q

what are the 4 stages of the sensorimotor phase

A

1) Birth-1 mont (use of reflexes)
2) 1-4month (primary circular rxn’s)
3) 4-8months (secondary circular rxn’s stage)
4) coordination of secondary cheats & their application (8-12mo)

65
Q

what happens in separation event

A

infant learns to separate themselves from things in environment

66
Q

what happens in object permanence

A

realize that objects that leave physical field still exist (9-12mo)

67
Q

what happen in symbols/mental representation

A

allows infant to think of an object without experiencing it

infant understands space & time

68
Q

what happens in stage 1 (Use of reflexes)

A

Birth to 1 months

  • temperament & individuality expressed by reflex
  • start to perceive patterns/order
69
Q

what happens in stage 2 (primary circular rxn’s)

A

1-4 months

  • replace reflex w/ voluntary
  • eye accommodation
  • adapt rxn/s to environment
  • recognition of order of events
70
Q

what happens in the 3rd stage (secondary circular rxn’s stage)

A

(4-8 months

  • understanding of time, causality, deliberative intervention & separateness from environment
  • imitation
  • play
  • affect
  • object permenece
  • separation anxiety
71
Q

what happens in the 4th stage (coordination of seoncdary schemata’s & their application to new situations )

A

8-12 mo

  • behaviour achievements as foundation to intellectual skills
  • increased motor skills
  • intellectual reasoning & meaning to word
  • actively attempt to remove barriers
72
Q

what happens to body image

A

as physical needs are met, they feel comfort & satisfaction with body

  • object permanence has to happen first
  • interested in mirrors & using body
  • transmit positive messages
73
Q

what happens to social developement

A
  • initially influenced by reflexive behaviour
  • eventually depends on interaction w/ care giver
  • play=major socializing agent (stimulus to learn & interact)
  • by 4mo they can laugh
  • by 6 mo they are personable
  • can play peek boo, like to be picked up
74
Q

what are the 2 components of cognitive development needed for attachment

A

1) ability to discriminate mother from other objects

2) object permanence

75
Q

what should I know about attachment

A
  • parenting is learnt not instinctual
  • attachment happens same in mothers & fathers
  • moms do most of infant care
  • inexperienced parents are just as good as experienced parents
76
Q

what is insecure attachment

A

cannot trust the world they live in

  • psychosocial difficulties (may continue into adult)
  • may occur with violence or perinatal mood disorder
77
Q

stages of attachment

A

1) first few weeks: responds discriminately to anyone
2) 8-12w: cry, smile, vocalize to mom most
3) 6m: infant has distinct preference for mom
4) 7m: attached to other parts of sam

78
Q

how baby shows attachment to mom

A
  • differential crying, smile, vocalize to mom more
  • visual-moto orientation (mom more)
  • cry when mom leave room
  • approach mom & cling
79
Q

what is relative attachment disorder: RAD

A
  • psychological development problem that stems from maladaptive/absent attachment
  • may persist in child/adulthood
  • signs usually seen before 5 yr
  • not cuddly w/ patents, no eye contact, poor, impulse, destructive, w/out intervention-> antisocial personality disorder & crime
80
Q

who is most at risk for relative attachment disorder?

A
  • victims of abuse/sexual abuse/neglect
  • exposed to parental alcoholism
  • parental mental health issues from substance abuse
  • absence of consistent caregiver (foster care, parental abandonment, institutionalize, incarcerated)
81
Q

separation anxiety occurs.. .

A

4-8month

  • infants protest when placed in crib
  • by 10/12 months they can anticipate departure
82
Q

when does fear of strangers occur

A

6/8months

-cling, cry, turn away

83
Q

what is play like in infancy

A

-narcissistic

becomes more sophisticated & interdependent

84
Q

how is pleasure shown

A 
by quieting (1mo)
by smiling (2m)
by squealing (3m)
85
Q

3-6 y/o want to play…

A

alone

86
Q

4months old play is

A

prefer toys & they’re excited

87
Q

6m-1yr play

A

they are much more selective, solitary until they want to interact (6/8m won’t play with strangers)

88
Q

what is the 1st communication

A

a cry (4hr a day by week 6)

89
Q

when does crying decrease

A

after 12 w

90
Q

why do babies cry

A

for attention, fear or frustration

91
Q

when will babies vocalize

A

some as early as 5-6w

92
Q

when will babies imitate words

A

8m

93
Q

when will babies understand basic meanings

A

10/11m

94
Q

how is temperament determined

A

biological & environmental

-fussy temperament can come from early complimentary feedings

95
Q

Explain the purpose of separation/fear of strangers

A

important part of strong bond.
have ppl visit more often. By the end of the 1st year they’ll be more curious about stangers.
Talk softly, meet @eyelevel, safe distance, avoid, sudden, intrusive gestures

96
Q

when does effective teaching for injury prevention begin

A

infancy

97
Q

should you introduce pacifiers to breastfed babies?

A

no, not unless requested
but studies found it doesn’t effect breast feeding much
***for some reason putting babies to sleep with pacifier helps with sudden infant death syndrome

98
Q

More about deciding to give pacifier or not

A
  • parents choice
  • should be restricted if freq. ear infections
  • pain relief effect
99
Q

during infancy & early childhood, there is no need to restrict non-nutritive sucking of fingers

A

but malocclusion may occur if thumb sucking past 4/6yr

100
Q

when does thumb sucking reach peak

A

18-20mo

101
Q

what are the 1st teeth

A

lower central incisors (6-10mo)

102
Q

when should discussion of nutrition begin

A

prenatally

103
Q

what does vit. D prevent

A

rickets

104
Q

after 6 months of breast feeding…

A

iron rich food should be introduced (don’t rec. more fluids tho

105
Q

what is usual amount of feedings or formula

A

I L of formula or 4/5 feedings

106
Q

early introduction of solids can lead to

A

weight gain, & iron deficiency

107
Q

when can infants have whole cows milk

A

9/12mo

108
Q

how much do infants sleep from birth-6mo

A

16hr a day in 3-4hr chunks

109
Q

how much to infants sleep 6+ months

A

14hr

110
Q

when should first trip to dentist be

A

within 1st yr

111
Q

what is the main cause of infant death

A

threat to breathing
1/3 of all injuries happen in home
falls are main reason to hospital

112
Q

what is shaken baby syndrome

A

when baby is shaken, causes brain to rotate in skull, tear vessels & neurons, bleeding
symptoms: flu-like, vomit, not eating, listless, seizing, alterations in consciousness, apnea, brady carina. death

113
Q

what is colic

A

15-40% of babies, loud crying for more than 3 hours a day
resolves around 12-16mo
potential causes: rapid feedings, improper feeding, overeating, swallowing air, disrupted sleep, emotional stress

114
Q

what is failure to thrive

A

inadequate growth due to an inability to obtain or use calories. weight below 5th percentile

115
Q

what is sudden infant death syndrome

A

peak age (2-3months) (more boys) (increased in winter) (lower socioeconomic)
Higher incidence in : preterm/low birth weight, multiples, low apgar, infants w/ CNA disturbance, history of illness, lower immunity, high risk with prone sleeping, soft bedding, overheating, cosleeping, smoker parents
maternal risk factors: young age, smoker, poor prenatal care, substance use, second hand smoke

116
Q

what is positional plagiocephaly

A

@4 mo (20-48% have it)
posterior occiput flattens over time
-tummy time 30-60 mins a day helps improve

117
Q

what is apnea & apparent life threatening events

A

usually less than 6mo, sudden & frightening event with apnea, change in color, change in tone, choking, gagging, coughing & interventions

N133 (10 decks)

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