Module 1 (Pathology and Cell Biology) Flashcards
Define pathology
Study of disease
- Cause and effects
- Range of tests and procedures to determine current state of disease
Explain the ideal patient journey
Well
Health decline
Triage
Admittance
Diagnosis
Treatment
Discharge, Monitoring OR Palliative Care
Describe the Health Decline aspect of the Ideal Patient Journey
Contributing factors include genetic, infection, injury, nutrition, environment, access to care
Describe the Triage aspect of the Ideal Patient Journey
Occurs when patient can no longer help themselves
Done by nurse in ER
Describe the Admittance aspect of the Ideal Patient Journey
3 reasons
- Condition too severe to send home
- Issue not identified and there is cause for concern
- Patient is stabilized but needs treatment/to be monitored
Describe the Diagnosis aspect of the Ideal Patient Journey
Testing (Xray, MRI, etc.) used to assess patient condition
Describe the Treatment aspect of the Ideal Patient Journey
Once patient is informed of diagnosis and prognosis
- medication
- minimally invasive procedure
- surgery
- longterm medical intervention
Describe the Discharge aspect of the Ideal Patient Journey
After success, patient monitored for required time and then let go
*May be conditions for release
*Support may be needed
Describe the Monitoring aspect of the Ideal Patient Journey
Patient must be checked on regularly if completely cured or unsure
Describe the Palliative Care aspect of the Ideal Patient Journey
Treatment to improve quality of life rather than cure
Treatment unavailable or unsuccessful and condition is terminal
Goal is making patient comfortable
Example of three factors that hinder optimal healthcare
Fear of healthcare system
Systemic racism
Lack of ready access to primary care
What stage of the disease paradigm is the pathologist the most involved in?
Diagnosis
Describe the aspects of the pathology disease paradigm
Etiology (Cause, i.e. infection, cancer)
Pathogenesis (Mechanisms, results from cause)
Biochemical changes
Morphological changes
Functional changes
Testing
Natural History (Prognosis, likely outcome)
Treatment
Complications
Examples of Functional Changes
Fever, cough, trouble sleeping
Examples of Biochemical Changes
Lab test values, alter in chemicals, alter in cells
Examples of Morphological Changes
Changes to body (appearance)
Indigenous ways of learning
Learning by doing (experimental learning, ancestrial knowledge), Learning by storytelling (relationality with each other, natural environment, spiritual world)
Indigenous ways of treating disease
Holism (treating everything at once)
4 parts: emotional, spiritual, physical, mental
Describe the endoplasmic reticulum
Where proteins are translated and processed
Fats also made here sometimes
Transport molecules to final destination
Describe the nucleus
Contains genome (DNA)
Where replication and transcription occur
Describe the golgi appartus
‘Post office’
Packaging proteins into vesicles
Describe the plasma membrane
Outer skin
Controls what enters and leaves
Double layer of phospholipids
Contains transporters and receptors
Describe the mitochondria
Fats are broken down for energy
Krebs cycle
ATP production
What are the small membrane-bound organelles? Give 3 examples
Vesicles that move through cytoplasm to deliver contents
Lysosomes
Endosomes
Peroxisomes
