Module 1 - One Health in Context Flashcards
Determinants of zoonotic disease transmission
- Population distribution
- Distribution of socioeconomic factors
- Distribution of disease control
- Distribution of landscape variation
Historical perspective – deities
- Ancient healers – priests: slaughter sacrificial animals
- Kahun Papyrus, Egypt(1,900 B.C.): Chimeric animals & humans in myths: vector/bat borne diseases
- King Adad-apla-iddina, Babylon/Assyria (1,068- 1,047 B.C.) Constructed temple for Goddess Gula –
healer of rabies - Greek Scholars: Aristole (384-322 B.C.) & Hippocrates
(460-367 B.C.)
* Promoted comparative medicine
* Public health and clean environment - Galen (130-200 A.D.): extended idea of Hippocrates
- Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519 A.D.): Comparative anatomy
(5 more.. do i need to know this?)
Classical Approach vs Integrated Approach
Classic: Focus on individual health systems capabilities (vertical) e.g. human health, animal health, tourism, trade etc.
Integrated: Focus on individual disease control needs (horizontal) e.g. disease 1, disease 2 etc.
Manhatten Principles
- Wildlife Conservation Society (2004) at Rockefeller University
- Building interdisciplinary bridges to health in a globalized world
- Promote the impact of land use & wildlife health on human health
- Holistic approach to prevent epidemic/epizootic disease and ecosystem integrity
the ”Quadripartite”
FAO, OIE, WHO and UNEP working together to address issues at the human-animal-ecosystem interfaces
How to reach One Health (the 5 C’s)
- Consensus among stakeholders
- Commitment (political and financial) by donors, partners, regional organizations and national governments
- Collaboration among professionals
- Cooperation among interdisciplinary groups
- Coordination among partner agencies
QAOHS Research Themes
- Human zoonotic disease response
- Foodborne risks
- Antimicrobial Resistance and the Environment
- Comparative Environmental
Oncology
Query Fever (Q fever) !!
- caused by spore forming, obligate intracellular bacterium “Coxiella burnetti”
- first recognised in abattoir workers in
1935 in Queensland - Was coined Q fever by Edward Derrick in 1937
- Nationally notifiable in all Aus states since 1977.
- incubation period 14-39 days
- after incubation period, 33 to 54% of infections are asymptomatic or have very mild symptoms
- > 50% of Q fever cases are in Queensland
- Increase relative importance of non-abattoir contact wildlife and feral animals
Q-Fever - Animal seroprevalence/infections in Australia
- Dairy goat outbreak Victoria 2012-14
- 16.8% of beef cattle
- macropods
- bandicoots
- possums
- domestic dogs
7.
Medical misuse of Antibiotics
- Doctor Misuse
- poor indication
- unskilled practitioners
- Public Misuse
- self medicating
- pressure on GPs
- Dissemination of AMR
- poor infection control
- Hand hygiene
- Inadequate surveillance and regulation
- under resourced
- lack integration/centralisation
Vetinary misuse of Antibiotics
- Use in intensive operations
- Mass Treatment
- therapeutic
- prophylactic
- Delivery
- water
- milled into feed
Reservoir
is the population of organisms or the specific environment in which an infectious pathogen naturally lives and reproduces, or upon which the pathogen primarily depends for its survival.
amplifying host
or a vector
an organism in which an infectious agent (such as a virus or bacterium) that is pathogenic for some other species is able to replicate rapidly and to high concentrations
vector vs reservoir
reservoir is the supplier of the diseases, a vector is anything that can pass it on
