Module 1 Martin

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

Science of classification

Question 2

Classification

Answer 2

Groups based on mutual similarity or evolutionary relatedness

Question 3

Identification

Answer 3

Based on cellular characteristics;
Chemical composition
Morphology
Biochemical activity
Antigens

Question 4

Procaryote

Answer 4

Absent nuclear membrane
One, circular chromosome
Replicates through binary fission
Energy produced by cytoplasmic membrane
Few specialized organelles

Question 5

Eukaryotes

Answer 5

Present nuclear membrane
Multiple, linear chromosomes
Reproduces through mitosis
Energy produced by mitochondria
Several specialized organelles

Question 6

Genus

Answer 6

Subdivision of family
Written first
Underline if not italicized

Question 7

Species

Answer 7

Subdivision of genus
Members have many similarities but distinctly different
Written after genus

Question 8

Groups and types

Answer 8

Subdivisions based on antigenic differences

Question 9

Antigenic group

Answer 9

Designated by capital letters

Question 10

Antigenic type

Answer 10

Designated by numbers

Question 11

Are bacteria eukaryotic or procaryotic

Answer 11

Procaryotic

Question 12

Typical length of bacteria

Answer 12

1 to 6 um, most about 1 to 2 um

Question 13

Typical diameter of bacteria

Answer 13

0.5 to 0.8 um, some up to 1.5 um

Question 14

Define morphology

Answer 14

External appearance of the cell or colony

Question 15

Magnification for observing bacteria

Answer 15

1000 power

Question 16

Gram positive color

Answer 16

Blue to purple

Question 17

Gram negative color

Answer 17

Pink to red

Question 18

Shape of coccus

Answer 18

Spherical

Question 19

Shape of bacillus

Answer 19

Rod or cylindrical

Question 20

Variations of bacilli

Answer 20

Coccobacillus
Coryneform or diphtheroid
Pleomorphic

Question 21

Define coccobacillus

Answer 21

Short plump bacillus that resemble coccus

Question 22

Define coryneform

Answer 22

Also known as diphtheroid
Club shaped
Resembles diphtheria bacillus

Question 23

Define pleomorphic

Answer 23

Same bacteria can have many different shapes

Question 24

Spirochete or spirilla

Answer 24

Spiral or corkscrew shaped, not usually visible by gram stain

Question 25

What are the different arrangements of bacteria

Answer 25

Single
Pairs
Chains
Clusters
Pallisades (bacilli only)

Question 26

Pallisades

Answer 26

Appearance of bacilli when lined up long side to long side

“Picket fence”

Question 27

Clusters

Answer 27

Division on three planes

Question 28

Describe the Cytoplasm

Answer 28

Aqueous

Genetic material suspended within the cytoplasm (RNA, DNA, Ribosomes)

Question 29

Function of the cytoplasm

Answer 29

Metabolism and replication

Question 30

What is the composition of the cytoplasmic membrane?

Answer 30

Phospholipid belayer

Proteins

Question 31

What is 8-10% of dry weight of cell?

Answer 31

Cytoplasmic membrane

Question 32

What is the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 32

Hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Gatekeeper in to the cells

Question 33

Function of proteins in the cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 33

Poring (proteins that form channels through which large molecules can pass)
Enzymatic reactions

Question 34

Functions of cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 34

Selective permeability (phospholipid bilayer)
Energy production
Synthesis and transport of peptidoglycan, teichoic acids, and outer membrane components
Secretion of extra cellular hydrolytic enzymes

Question 35

Function of the cell wall

Answer 35

Shape and rigidity
Protection from environment and some antimicrobial agents
Site of antibody attachment to major cell antigens